For integer x , we have f ( x + 1 ) − f ( x ) ≥ 1 and f ( x + 5 ) − f ( x ) ≤ 5 . If f ( 0 ) = − 4 9 6 , then what is the value of f ( 1 0 0 0 ) ?
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Hi! Is this what is called a functional equation and is this the general method used to solve them and also is it right to assume what you did in the third step....I mean the f(5+x)-f(x)=5...?
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This specific case can be interpreted in this way, however I am not sure it can be generalized to every functional equation.
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Well yes, you are right. I dont think this can be generalized to all functions.
@Jayakumar Krishnan you might want to try this https://brilliant.org/community-problem/functional-inequality/
since f ( x + 5 ) − f ( x ) = 5 .
=> f ( x + 5 ) − f ( x ) / ( 5 + x ) − ( x ) = 1 .
let p ( x , f ( x ) ) a n d Q ( x + 5 , f ( x + 5 ) ) .
so slope of pq=1
for every such points
=>f(x) must be straight line with slope=1
now f ( 0 ) = − 4 9 6 .
so
f ( x ) = x − 4 9 6 .
f ( 1 0 0 0 ) = 5 0 4 .
Let us start proving by contradiction that
f
(
x
+
1
)
−
f
(
x
)
=
1
f
o
r
a
l
l
x
∈
Z
(
∗
)
Assume, at the contrary, that there is an integer k such that
f
(
k
+
1
)
−
f
(
k
)
>
1
. Since
f
(
k
+
1
)
−
f
(
k
)
>
1
and
f
(
k
+
2
)
−
f
(
k
+
1
)
≥
1
f
(
k
+
3
)
−
f
(
k
+
2
)
≥
1
f
(
k
+
4
)
−
f
(
k
+
3
)
≥
1
f
(
k
+
5
)
−
f
(
k
+
4
)
≥
1
,
by adding all these inequalities and cancelling terms we would get that
f
(
k
+
5
)
−
f
(
x
)
>
5
that would contradict the condition
f
(
x
+
5
)
−
f
(
5
)
≤
5
for all integer values of
x
.
Now we are going to prove that
(
∗
)
implies that
f
(
n
)
=
f
(
0
)
+
n
for any integer
n
≥
0
. We can use Mathematical Induction. It is clear that this property is true when
n
=
0
. Assume that
f
(
m
)
=
f
(
0
)
+
m
for an integer
m
≥
0
. Then using the latter and using (*) ,
f
(
m
+
1
)
=
f
(
m
)
+
1
=
f
(
0
)
+
m
+
1
, which proves the induction thesis. Therefore
f
(
n
)
=
f
(
0
)
+
n
for all non-negative integer
n
and in particular
f
(
1
0
0
0
)
=
f
(
0
)
+
1
0
0
0
=
−
4
9
6
+
1
0
0
0
=
5
0
4
.
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From the first equation, we can see that f ( x + 1 ) − f ( x ) ≥ 1
⇒ f ( x + 2 ) − f ( x ) ≥ 2 , and so on till, f ( x + 5 ) − f ( x ) ≥ 5
But the second equation states f ( x + 5 ) − f ( x ) ≤ 5 . Therefore, f ( x + 5 ) − f ( x ) = 5 , or f ( x + 1 ) − f ( x ) = 1 . Extrapolating a common expression, f ( n ) = f ( 0 ) + n
Therefore, f ( 1 0 0 0 ) = − 4 9 6 + 1 0 0 0 = 5 0 4