Let be a solution of the functional equation defined on the largest possible domain of real numbers, and where If such a function does not exist, enter 0. If such a function exists, enter the largest possible value of over all possible functions if this maximum value exists, or -11 if it does not.
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It is easy to see that ϕ n ( x ) = cos ( 5 2 π n ) − x sin ( 5 2 π n ) x cos ( 5 2 π n ) + sin ( 5 2 π n ) , where ϕ n represents the composition of ϕ with itself n times. Therefore, ϕ 5 ( x ) = x . Then the following equations hold for any x in the largest set of numbers where the functions ϕ , ϕ 2 , ϕ 3 , ϕ 4 are defined, f ( x ) + f ( ϕ ( x ) ) = x f ( ϕ ( x ) ) + f ( ϕ 2 ( x ) ) = ϕ ( x ) f ( ϕ 2 ( x ) ) + f ( ϕ 3 ( x ) ) = ϕ 2 ( x ) f ( ϕ 3 ( x ) ) + f ( ϕ 4 ( x ) ) = ϕ 3 ( x ) f ( ϕ 4 ( x ) ) + f ( x ) = ϕ 4 ( x ) . Multiplying the second and fourth equations by negative one and adding all of them, we obtain that the only solution f ( x ) of the given functional equation must satisfy that 2 f ( x ) = x − ϕ ( x ) + ϕ 2 ( x ) − ϕ 3 ( x ) + ϕ 4 ( x ) . Evaluating at 0 2 f ( 0 ) = − ϕ ( 0 ) + ϕ 2 ( 0 ) − ϕ 3 ( 0 ) + ϕ 4 ( 0 ) = − tan 5 2 π + tan 5 4 π − tan 5 6 π + tan 5 8 π = − 7 . 6 0 8 . . . Then the answer will be 7 6 0 .