International Mathematical Olympiads!

Algebra Level 5

Denote by R + \mathbb {R^+} the set of all positive real numbers. Let a function f : R + R + f : \mathbb {R^+} \to \mathbb {R^+} be such that

x f ( x 2 ) f ( f ( y ) ) + f ( y f ( x ) ) = f ( x y ) ( f ( f ( x 2 ) ) + f ( f ( y 2 ) ) ) \large xf\left( { x }^{ 2 } \right) f\left( f\left( y \right) \right) + f\left( yf\left( x \right) \right) = f( xy)\left( f\left( f\left( { x }^{ 2 } \right) \right) + f\left( f\left( { y }^{ 2 } \right) \right) \right)

for all x , y R + x, y \in \mathbb {R^+} .

Find f ( 2018 ) f(2018) .


The answer is 0.0004955.

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1 solution

Tom Engelsman
Jan 6, 2019

The required function is f ( x ) = 1 x f(x) =\frac{1}{x} , which makes f ( 2018 ) = 1 2018 = 4.955 × 1 0 4 . f(2018) = \frac{1}{2018} = \boxed{4.955 \times 10^{-4}}. This only came to me as a quick, intuitive inspection; however, I'd love to see an in-depth solution to this functional equation!

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