Functionally impossible.

Calculus Level 5

f ( x ) f(x) is defined for x 0 x\ge0 and has a continuous derivative. It satisfies f ( 0 ) = 1 , f ( 0 ) = 0 f(0)=1, f^{'}(0)=0 and [ 1 + f ( x ) ] f ( x ) = 1 + x [1+f(x)]f^{''}(x)=1+x . Let f ( 1 ) = A f(1)= A , then the impossible values of A A is/are:

Comment:

I worked really hard to get L v . 5 Lv.5 in calculus, just so that I could post this question. Please also give solution. Much thanks.

None of the above options are correct 1.35 1.5 2 All of the above numbers 1.75

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1 solution

James Wilson
Oct 22, 2017

I don't have the most powerful understanding of differential equations, but my reasoning was this. If I could find the value of all the derivatives of f f evaluated at 0 0 , then I could get a Maclaurin series expansion for the solution(s). So I substituted 0 0 into the original equation in order to find f ( 0 ) f''(0) . Then the equation could be differentiated, and then evaluated at x = 0 x=0 to find f ( 0 ) f'''(0) . This process could be repeated indefinitely. It was easily seen that the values of the derivatives at 0 0 were always unique because the differential equation obtained after n n differentiations was always linear in the highest derivative which always had a coefficient of 2 2 (and the lower derivatives evaluated at 0 0 would all be known beforehand if you followed the procedure correctly). I did not prove that the Maclaurin series solution for f f converged (perhaps there is a theorem someone could show me regarding this). Since there is one unique solution (the Maclaurin series), f ( 1 ) f(1) takes a unique value. This eliminates any answer that is just a single number because it implies the other numbers are possible values of f ( 1 ) f(1) . If you choose the answer "None of the above options are correct" (which I interpret to mean "none of the other answers are correct"), then that implies all of the numbers are possible values of f ( 1 ) f(1) , but we know f ( 1 ) f(1) can only take on one value. So, the only answer that makes sense is "All of the above numbers.

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