Functions and functions!

Calculus Level 4

I n = 0 π 4 tan n x d x \large I_{n} = \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \tan ^{n}x \, dx

We define the integral as above. And define the relation f ( n ) = 1 I n 2 I n + 2 f(n) = \dfrac{1}{I_{n-2} - I_{n+2}} . Evaluate the summation below.

2 r = 2 10 f ( r ) \large 2\sum_{r=2}^{10} f(r)


The answer is 375.

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1 solution

Prakhar Gupta
May 26, 2015

Let's calculate the integral first:- I n = 0 π 4 t a n n x d x I_{n} = \int_{0}^{\dfrac{\pi}{4}} tan^{n}xdx I n = 0 π 4 t a n n 2 x t a n 2 x d x I_{n} = \int_{0}^{\dfrac{\pi}{4}} tan^{n-2}x tan^{2}xdx I n = 0 π 4 t a n n 2 x ( s e c 2 x 1 ) d x I_{n} = \int_{0}^{\dfrac{\pi}{4}} tan^{n-2}x (sec^{2}x-1)dx I n = 0 π 4 t a n n 2 x s e c 2 x d x 0 π 4 t a n n 2 x d x I_{n} = \int_{0}^{\dfrac{\pi}{4}}tan^{n-2}x sec^{2}x dx-\int_{0}^{\dfrac{\pi}{4}} tan^{n-2}xdx I n = [ t a n n 1 x n 1 ] 0 π 4 I n 2 I_{n} = \Bigg[ \dfrac{tan^{n-1}x}{n-1} \Bigg]_{0}^{\dfrac{\pi}{4}}-I_{n-2} I n + I n 2 = 1 n 1 ( 1 ) I_{n} + I_{n-2} = \dfrac{1}{n-1} \ldots (1) Now we can write that:- I n + 2 + I n = 1 n + 1 ( 2 ) I_{n+2} + I_{n} = \dfrac{1}{n+1}\ldots (2) Subtracting ( 2 ) (2) from ( 1 ) (1) . I n 2 I n + 2 = 1 n 1 1 n + 1 I_{n-2}-I_{n+2} = \dfrac{1}{n-1} - \dfrac{1}{n+1} 1 f ( n ) = 2 n 2 1 \dfrac{1}{f(n)} = \dfrac{2}{n^{2}-1} f ( n ) = n 2 1 2 f(n) = \dfrac{n^{2}-1}{2} Now we can find the sum. 2 r = 2 10 f ( r ) = 2 r = 2 10 r 2 1 2 2\sum_{r=2}^{10} f(r) = 2\sum_{r=2}^{10}\dfrac{r^{2}-1}{2} = r = 2 10 ( r 2 1 ) = \sum_{r=2}^{10} (r^{2} -1) = 375 = 375

Moderator note:

Great use of reduction formula!

I can't believe how complicated yet beautiful math gets. I just finished my math exams and it seems my skills are just the basics of the basic!!!

Hamzah Hussain - 4 years, 11 months ago

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