I generalized a problem I saw on brilliant.
Let be a prime number.
In general find the largest positive integer such that is a square number, then using find .
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In general:
Let a be a prime number.
Find largest positive integer x such that x 2 + a 2 x = j 2 , where j is a positive integer.
x 2 + a 2 x = j 2 ⟹ ( 2 x + a 2 ) 2 − a 4 = ( 2 j ) 2 ⟹ ( 2 x + a 2 ) 2 − ( 2 j ) 2 = a 4 ⟹ ( 2 x − 2 j + a 2 ) ( 2 x + 2 j + a 2 ) = a 4
2 x + 2 j = a 4 − a 2
2 x − 2 j = 1 − a 2
⟹ x = ( 2 a 2 − 1 ) 2 = k 2 ∈ N and j = 4 ( a − 1 ) ( a 3 + a 2 + 1 ) = m ∗ l ∈ N
2 x + 2 j = a 3 − a 2
2 x − 2 j = a − a 2
⟹ x = a ( 2 a − 1 ) 2 = 2 h n 2 ∈ N and j = a ( 2 a 2 − 1 ) 2 = 2 q s 2 ∈ N
2 x + 2 j = 0
2 x − 2 j = 0
⟹ x = j = 0 clearly x = 0 = x m a x .
For a > 1
( a 2 − 1 ) 2 − a ( a − 1 ) 2 = ( a − 1 ) 2 ( a + 1 ) 2 − a ( a − 1 ) 2 = ( a − 1 ) 2 ( a 2 + a + 1 ) > 0 ⟹ ( a 2 − 1 ) 2 > a ( a − 1 ) 2 ⟹ ( 2 a 2 − 1 ) 2 > a ( 2 a − 1 ) 2
∴ x = x m a x = ( 2 a 2 − 1 ) 2
Using a = 7 9 1 9 ⟹ x m a x = 9 8 3 1 5 3 5 8 3 8 7 8 4 0 0 .