Generator with Load Rejection

A single-phase AC electric generator has a moving rotor with a magnet, which induces a voltage V t V_t at its stator terminals. A resistor R R is connected across the stator terminals.

The machine/load model is as follows:

λ = V m ω 0 cos θ V t = λ ˙ d d t ( 1 2 I θ ˙ 2 ) = P M P R R = R 0 for 0 t 2 R = 2 R 0 for t > 2 \lambda = \frac{V_m}{\omega_0} \cos \theta \\ V_t = \dot{\lambda} \\ \frac{d}{dt} \Big(\frac{1}{2} I \dot{\theta}^2 \Big) = P_M-P_R \\ R = R_0 \,\,\,\, \text{for} \,\, 0 \leq t \leq 2 \\ R = 2 R_0 \,\,\,\, \text{for} \,\, t > 2

In the model, λ \lambda is the stator magnetic flux linkage as a function of rotor angular position θ \theta . The terminal voltage V t V_t is the time derivative of the flux linkage. The third equation states that the rotor is gaining kinetic energy at a rate equal to the difference between the mechanical input power and resistor power dissipation (a statement of energy conservation). The parameter I I is the machine inertia constant.

At time t = 0 t = 0 , θ = 0 \theta = 0 and θ ˙ = ω 0 \dot{\theta} = \omega_0 . The mechanical input power P M P_M remains fixed. At time t = 2 t =2 , half of the electrical load is disconnected from the generator (modeled as the load resistance doubling). The causes the machine to accelerate until a new steady-state speed is reached.

Determine the following integral:

2 8 ( θ ˙ ω 0 ) d t \int_2^8 (\dot{\theta} - \omega_0) \, dt

Bonus: You can predict the final speed very easily without any complicated calculations. How/why is that?

Details and Assumptions (assume standard SI units):
1) V m = 120 2 V_m = 120 \sqrt{2}
2) ω 0 = 120 π \omega_0 = 120 \pi
3) R 0 = 15 R_0 = 15
4) I = 0.01 I = 0.01
5) P M = 12 0 2 R 0 P_M = \frac{120^2}{R_0}


The answer is 727.97.

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