Geometric System

Algebra Level pending

Positive reals x x , y y , and z z satisfy the following system of equations:

{ x 2 + y 2 = 9 y 2 + y z + z 2 = 16 x 2 + 3 x z + z 2 = 25 \begin{cases} x^2 + y^2 = 9 \\ y^2 + yz + z^2 = 16 \\ x^2 + \sqrt 3 xz + z^2 = 25 \end{cases}

Find the value of 2 x y + x z + 3 y z 2xy + xz + \sqrt 3 yz .

*Source: Chennai Mathematical Institute Entrance Exam - 2019


The answer is 24.

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1 solution

Let us draw a triangle A B C \triangle {ABC} right angled at A A with A B = 3 , A C = 4 , B C = 5 |\overline {AB}|=3, |\overline {AC}|=4, |\overline {BC}|=5 . Let us take a point D D within the triangle such that A D B = 90 ° , A D C = 120 ° , B D C = 150 ° \angle {ADB}=90\degree, \angle {ADC}=120\degree, \angle {BDC}=150\degree . Let B D = x , A D = y , C D = z |\overline {BD}|=x, |\overline {AD}|=y, |\overline {CD}|=z . Then x , y , z x, y, z satisfy the given equations. Now, area of A D B = 1 2 x y sin 90 ° = 1 2 x y \triangle {ADB}=\dfrac{1}{2}xy\sin 90\degree=\dfrac{1}{2}xy , of A D C = 1 2 y z sin 120 ° = 3 4 y z \triangle {ADC}=\dfrac{1}{2}yz\sin 120\degree=\dfrac{\sqrt 3}{4}yz , and of B D C = 1 2 z x sin 150 ° = 1 4 z x \triangle {BDC}=\dfrac{1}{2}zx\sin 150\degree=\dfrac{1}{4}zx . Sum of the areas of these three triangles is the area of A B C = 1 2 × 3 × 4 = 6 \triangle {ABC}=\dfrac{1}{2}\times 3\times 4=6 , that is, x y 2 + 3 y z 4 + z x 4 = 6 2 x y + z x + 3 y z = 6 × 4 = 24 \dfrac{xy}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt 3yz}{4}+\dfrac{zx}{4}=6\implies 2xy+zx+\sqrt 3yz=6\times 4=\boxed {24} .

A nice, classic solution :)

Nitin Kumar - 1 year, 2 months ago

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