The electric field at the focus due to only one parabola is find .
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Let's just do this for x 2 = 4 y
Consider a small element d l along the curve, at ( x , y )
The line joining the focus to the point makes an angle θ with positive x-axis.
The electric field by the element at focus,
d E 1 = ( y + 1 ) 2 2 k λ d l
d l = y + 1 y d y
Consider a similar element on the other branch of the parabola, making the same angle θ with negative x-axis.
The electric field by these two elements cancel in the horizontal direction , but add up in the vertical direction.
The vertical electric field d E in downward direction is given by,
d E = 2 d E 1 sin ( θ )
sin ( θ ) = y + 1 y − 1
∴ d E = 2 k λ ( y + 1 ) 2 5 y y − 1 d y
E = 2 k λ ∫ 0 ∞ ( y + 1 ) 2 5 y y − 1 d y
Substitue y = tan 2 ( u ) , the integral gets converted to,
E = 4 k λ ∫ 0 2 π sec 3 ( u ) tan 2 ( u ) − 1 d u = 4 k λ ∫ 0 2 π cos ( u ) ( sin 2 ( u ) − cos 2 ( u ) ) d u
E = − 4 k λ ∫ 0 2 π cos ( u ) cos ( 2 u ) d u
E = − 2 k λ ∫ 0 2 π cos ( u ) + cos ( 3 u ) d u
E = − 2 k λ [ sin ( u ) + 3 sin ( 3 u ) ] 0 2 π = − 2 k λ 3 2
Substitute, k = 4 π ϵ 0 1
E = − 3 π ϵ 0 λ
∴ E = ( − 3 π ϵ 0 λ ) ( − j ^ ) = 3 π ϵ 0 λ ( j ^ )
I used the following properties :
Distance of a point on parabola from focus = Distance from directrix.
d l = 1 + ( d y d x ) 2 d y
cos ( A ) + cos ( B ) = 2 cos ( 2 A + B ) cos ( 2 A − B )