Suppose Paul and I are flipping an unfair coin, where we take turns flipping a coin, and the first person to flip a head wins. The coin has a chance of coming up heads and chance of coming up tails. If I go first, what is the probability that Paul wins?
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Since I flip first and Paul flip second. I flip all the odd number turn and Paul, even. For Paul to win he must flip a head at the last turn, which is even, and all flips before the last must be tail. The probability for that to happen is as follows:
P = 6 5 ⋅ 6 1 + 6 5 ⋅ 6 5 ⋅ 6 5 ⋅ 6 1 + 6 5 ⋅ 6 5 ⋅ 6 5 ⋅ 6 5 ⋅ 6 5 ⋅ 6 1 + ⋯ = n = 0 ∑ ∞ 6 1 ( 6 5 ) 2 n + 1 = 6 1 ⋅ 6 5 n = 0 ∑ ∞ ( 3 6 2 5 ) n = 3 6 5 ( 1 − 3 6 2 5 1 ) = 1 1 5