GIF of root

Algebra Level 3

If α \alpha is a real root of the equation x 5 x 3 + x 2 = 0 , x^5-x^3+x-2=0, find α 6 . \big\lfloor\alpha^6\big\rfloor.

Notation: \lfloor \cdot \rfloor denotes the floor function .


The answer is 3.

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
May 5, 2018

tha f ( x ) = x 5 x 3 + x 2 f(x) = x^5 - x^3 +x - 2 is such that f ( x ) = 5 x 4 3 x 2 + 1 = ( 1 3 2 x 2 ) 2 + 11 4 x 4 > 0 f'(x) = 5x^4 - 3x^2 + 1 = \big(1 - \tfrac32x^2\big)^2 + \tfrac{11}{4}x^4 > 0 for all x x . Thus f f is increasing, and so there is a unique real root α \alpha of f f . Since f ( 1 ) = 1 < 0 < 24 = f ( 2 ) f(1) = -1 < 0 < 24 = f(2) , we know that 1 < α < 2 1 < \alpha < 2 . Now α 6 = α × α 5 = α ( α 3 α + 2 ) = α 5 α 3 + 2 α 2 α = 2 α + 2 α 2 α = 2 ( α + α 1 ) 1 \begin{aligned} \alpha^6 & = \; \alpha \times \alpha^5 \; = \; \alpha(\alpha^3 - \alpha + 2) \; =\; \frac{\alpha^5 - \alpha^3 + 2\alpha^2}{\alpha} \; = \; \frac{2 - \alpha + 2\alpha^2}{\alpha} \\ & = \; 2\big(\alpha + \alpha^{-1}\big) - 1 \end{aligned} Now x x + x 1 x \mapsto x + x^{-1} is increasing for x > 1 x > 1 . Since 1 < α < 2 1 < \alpha < 2 we deduce that 2 < α + α 1 < 5 2 2 < \alpha + \alpha^{-1} < \tfrac52 , and hence 3 < α 6 < 4 3 < \alpha^6 < 4 . Hence α 6 = 3 \lfloor \alpha^6 \rfloor = \boxed{3} .

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