A probability problem by Shenal Kotuwewatta

Peter created a cool problem to post on Brilliant, but he don't have a cool name for that.

So he decided wrote a simple program which outputs a string of 7 letters.

(The letters are from A-Z , and the same letter may be repeated.)

Call a name pronounceable if vowels and consonants appear alternatively in that name. The probability that the name of Peter's problem is pronounceable is p q \frac{p}{q} where p p and q q are coprime positive integers. What is the last 3 3 digits of p + q p+q ?


The answer is 401.

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2 solutions

Daniel Liu
Mar 30, 2014

We can either have 4 4 vowels and 3 3 consonants (case 1), or 3 3 vowels and 4 4 consonants (case 2).

Case 1: the probability is ( 5 26 ) 4 ( 21 26 ) 3 = 5788125 8031810176 \left(\dfrac{5}{26}\right)^4\left(\dfrac{21}{26}\right)^3=\dfrac{5788125}{8031810176}

Case 2: the probability is ( 5 26 ) 3 ( 21 26 ) 4 = 24310125 8031810176 \left(\dfrac{5}{26}\right)^3\left(\dfrac{21}{26}\right)^4=\dfrac{24310125}{8031810176}

Adding these two probabilities together, we get that final probability is 1157625 308915776 \dfrac{1157625}{308915776} , so our final answer is 401 \boxed{401} .

Vicky Andrew
Sep 12, 2014

There are two cases the word is pronounceable:

1> It has 4 vowels (V) and 3 consonants (C), so we have 5 4 2 1 3 5^{4}*21^{3} ways to arrange them in this order: V-C-V-C-V-C-V

2> It has 4 C and 3 V, and there are 5 3 2 1 4 5^{3}*21^{4} ways to arrange it in this order: C-V-C-V-C-V-C

The probability of this word is 5 4 2 1 3 + 5 3 2 1 4 2 6 7 = 5 5 3 2 1 3 + 21 5 3 2 1 3 2 6 7 = 26 5 3 2 1 3 2 6 7 = 5 3 2 1 3 2 6 6 = 1157625 308915776 \frac{5^{4}*21^{3}+5^{3}*21^{4}}{26^{7}}=\frac{5*5^{3}*21^{3}+21*5^{3}*21^{3}}{26^{7}}=\frac{26*5^{3}*21^{3}}{26^{7}}=\frac{5^{3}*21^{3}}{26^{6}}=\frac{1157625}{308915776}

the numerator and denominator at the most right hand equation are coprime and their sum is 310073401. The last 3 digits is 401.

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