Graph minus!

Algebra Level 4

The graph above shows a portion of the curve defined by the quartic polynomial, P ( x ) = x 4 + a x 3 + b x 2 + c x + d P(x) = x^4+ax^3 +bx^2+cx+d . Which of the following is smallest?

The product of the non-real zeroes of P P The product of zeroes of P P P ( 1 ) P(-1) The sum of real zeroes of P P The sum of coefficients of P P

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2 solutions

K T
Jul 26, 2019

Since P is graphed, I assume it is real, and so are a, b, c, d. A polynomial P(x) = x^4 + ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d can also be expressed as P(x)=(x-s)(x-t)(x-u)(x-v). The intersections with the x-axis give the real zeros which we will say are at x=s and x=t.

Values are read from the graph, so I try to provide readings with estimated uncertainties.

  • The product of the zeroes is s t u v = d = P ( 0 ) = 5.4 ± 0.2 stuv=d=P(0)=5.4 \pm 0.2
  • The sum of the real zeroes is s + t = 1.7 + 3.8 = 5.5 ± 0.1 s+t=1.7 + 3.8 = 5.5 \pm 0.1
  • The product of the nonreal zeroes is u v = s t u v / s t = 5.4 / ( 1.7 × 3.8 ) uv=stuv/st=5.4/(1.7×3.8) , so u v = 0.8 ± 0.2 uv=0.8 \pm 0.2
  • The sum of coefficients is 1 + a + b + c + d = P ( 1 ) = 3.3 ± 0.2 1+a+b+c+d=P(1)=3.3 \pm 0.2
  • We have P ( 1 ) = 4.3 ± 0.2 P(-1)=4.3 \pm 0.2
Yashas Ravi
Apr 16, 2019

In the graph, the y-intercept is 5 5 , meaning the product of all roots is 5 5 . The real roots are around 1.7 1.7 and 3.9 3.9 , whose sum is greater than 5 5 . P ( 1 ) = 4 P(-1)=4 . Because all the coefficients are positive, and d = 5 d=5 , the sum of coefficients exceeds 5 5 . The product of complex roots is 5 ) 1.7 3.9 \frac{5)}{1.7*3.9} = 0.754), which is the smallest value. As a result, A A is the answer.

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