For positive integer n , define
{ a n = n 2 + 2 0 d n = g cd ( a n , a n + 1 )
Compute the value of { d n 2 n + 1 }
Notations:
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Since d n = g cd ( a n , a n + 1 ) , we can write a n = d n b n and a n + 1 = d n b n + 1 . where b n and b n + 1 are positive integers, and b n + 1 > b n . Then we have:
d n 2 n + 1 = d n ( n + 1 ) 2 + 2 0 − ( n 2 + 2 0 ) = d n a n + 1 − a n = d n d n ( b n + 1 − b n ) = b n + 1 − b n
Therefore { d n 2 n + 1 } = { b n + 1 − b n } = 0 .
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Use Euclid algorithm couple of times d N = ( ( N + 1 ) 2 + 2 0 , N 2 + 2 0 ) ⟹ d N = ( N 2 + 2 0 , 2 N + 1 )
Note that d N ∣ 2 N + 1 , since d N is the GCD of 2 N + 1 and another number. Therefore the fractional part is 0 .