Group Them Carefully 5

Algebra Level 2

If we square the equation, x + 1 x = 3 x + \dfrac1x = \sqrt3 , we get

( x + 1 x ) 2 = ( 3 ) 2 x 2 + 1 x 2 + 2 = 3 x 2 + 1 x 2 = 1 \begin{aligned} \left( x + \dfrac1x \right)^2 &=& (\sqrt3)^2 \\ x^2 + \dfrac1{x^2} + 2 &=& 3 \\ x^2 + \dfrac1{x^2} &=& 1 \end{aligned}

What is the value of the x 8 + 1 x 8 x^8 + \dfrac1{x^8} ?

Hint : Try squaring the equation again, what happens?


The answer is -1.

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3 solutions

Kay Xspre
Mar 15, 2016

There are two ways to approach this, but I will let someone else write the basics. Notice that x + 1 x = 2 cos ( π 6 ) x = cos ( π 6 ) + i sin ( π 6 ) \displaystyle x+\frac{1}{x} = 2\cos(\frac{\pi}{6})\Rightarrow x =\cos(\frac{\pi}{6})+i\sin(\frac{\pi}{6}) Hence x 8 = cos ( 4 π 3 ) + i sin ( 4 π 3 ) ; 1 x 8 = cos ( 4 π 3 ) i sin ( 4 π 3 ) x^8 = \cos(\frac{4\pi}{3})+i\sin(\frac{4\pi}{3});\:\frac{1}{x^8} = \cos(\frac{4\pi}{3})-i\sin(\frac{4\pi}{3}) And x 8 + 1 x 8 = 2 cos ( 4 π 3 ) = 2 ( 1 2 ) = 1 x^8+\frac{1}{x^8} = 2\cos(\frac{4\pi}{3}) = 2(-\frac{1}{2}) = -1

Great! I see that you have already solved Nihar's problem as well. Thank you!

Chung Kevin - 5 years, 3 months ago

An elegant approach which avoids clumsy algebraic manipulation!

展豪 張 - 5 years, 2 months ago

I don't understand this at all. This method is under what topic? I would like to read it

Hung Woei Neoh - 5 years, 2 months ago

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I believe it is called De Moivre's theorem .

Chung Kevin - 5 years, 2 months ago
Hung Woei Neoh
Apr 14, 2016

Guess I'll write the simple solution.

Let's follow the hint and square the equation again:

( x 2 + 1 x 2 ) 2 = 1 2 \left(x^2 + \dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)^2 = 1^2

x 4 + 2 + 1 x 4 = 1 x^4 + 2 + \dfrac{1}{x^4} = 1

x 4 + 1 x 4 = 1 x^4 + \dfrac{1}{x^4} = -1

After that, square it again!

( x 4 + 1 x 4 ) 2 = ( 1 ) 2 \left(x^4 + \dfrac{1}{x^4}\right)^2 = (-1)^2

x 8 + 2 + 1 x 8 = 1 x^8 + 2 + \dfrac{1}{x^8} = 1

Therefore,

x 8 + 1 x 8 = 1 x^8 + \dfrac{1}{x^8} = \boxed{-1}

Very nice! This is the solution I'm looking for!

Chung Kevin - 5 years, 2 months ago
Nikkil V
Mar 15, 2016

Is that x imaginary number?

Yes, it is.

A Former Brilliant Member - 5 years, 3 months ago

x is complex number! we have √-1=i & i^2=-1, x^4+1/x^4=-1=i^2,x^8+1/x^8=-1=i^2

Mohamad Zare - 5 years, 3 months ago

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