Half down and half up!

Consider an infinitely long solid metallic cylinder having axis along k ^ \hat{k} . Consider a plane passing through axis of cylinder cutting it in two equal parts. In one part is a uniformly distributed current I 1 k ^ I_{1} \hat{k} and in another part is a uniformly distributed current I 2 k ^ -I_{2} \hat{k} . As always, task is simple, find the magnitude of magnetic field on the axis of cylinder in μ T \mu T .

Details and assumptions :

  • μ 0 = 4 π × 1 0 7 \mu_{0} = 4 \pi \times 10^{-7}
  • circumference of cylinder = 50 cm 50 \text{cm}
  • I 1 = 5 A , I 2 = 10 A I_{1} = 5A, I_{2} = 10A


The answer is 48.

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1 solution

Sadi Kneipp Neto
Dec 28, 2013

By Ampere's Law, the magnetic field around a cable with current(I) flowing along its axis is B = μ 0 i 2 π r B=\frac{μ_0i}{2πr} , where "r" is the distance between the axis of the cable and the point where we are calculating field.

Considering the half cylinder as a collection of infinitesimal cables, let's first calculate the field created by a half hollow cylinder(negligible thickness).

An element in this object will create a field d B = μ 0 i 2 π r dB=\frac{μ_0i}{2πr} however, this field is radial, so if θ is the angle between the vertical and the element's position, the vertical component of the field will be d B = μ 0 i 2 π r s e n θ dB=\frac{μ_0i}{2πr}senθ .It is intuitive that horizontal components of field will cancel along the half-cylinder. Making i = K d l i=Kdl , where K is current density and integrating, we get: d B = μ 0 K d l 2 π r s e n θ = μ 0 K 2 π r 0 180 s e n θ d l \int dB=\int \frac{μ_0Kdl}{2πr}senθ= \frac{μ_0K}{2πr} \int^{180}_0 senθdl ,but d l = r d θ dl=rdθ and K = i π r K= \frac{i'}{\pi r} , thus:

B = μ 0 i π 2 r B=\frac{μ_0i'}{\pi ^2 r}

Making i = J d a i'=Jda (where J = I π r 2 2 J=\frac{I}{\frac{\pi r^2}{2}} is current density), with d a = π r d r da=\pi rdr and integrating again to expand this to a solid half-cylinder:

B = 0 R μ 0 J π r d r π 2 r B = 2 μ 0 I π 2 r B=\int^R_0 \frac{μ_0J\pi rdr}{\pi ^2r} \rightarrow B=\frac{2μ_0I}{\pi ^2 r}

Finally, the field in the proposed situation will be the superposition of B 1 B_1 and B 2 B_2 :

B = B 1 + B 2 B = 2 μ 0 I 1 π 2 r + 2 μ 0 I 2 π 2 r B=B_1+B_2 \rightarrow B=\frac{2μ_0I_1}{\pi ^2 r} + \frac{2μ_0I_2}{\pi ^2 r}

Plugging the given values:

B = 48 μ T B=48μT

i got 24 as answer....how did the last integration yield 2 on the numerator?

Siladittya Manna - 6 years, 10 months ago

thanks to brilliant to give 3 chances to attempt an question...becoz i got wrong answer in 1st attempt because I mistakenly read that Both current are equal,,,But correct it in 2nd attempt....anyways This Question is Nice..!!

Deepanshu Gupta - 6 years, 8 months ago

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