What is the smallest number of ones that can be used to represent 2019 using ones and any number of additions, multiplications, and parentheses?
This does not allow juxtaposition and exponentiation of ones to form larger integers.
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( ( ( 1 + 1 ) × ( 1 + 1 + 1 ) + 1 ) × ( 1 + 1 ) 5 × ( 1 + 1 + 1 ) + 1 ) × ( 1 + 1 + 1 ) = 2 0 1 9