n = 1 ∑ 5 m = 1 ∑ 5 m 4 n + 1
Find the unit’s digit of the number above.
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Nice reordering of summations. Is it possible to solve the problem (elegantly) if the summation becomes n = 1 ∑ 5 m = 1 ∑ n m 4 n + 1 or m = 1 ∑ 5 n = 1 ∑ m m 4 n + 1 ?
Nice question, @Rajen Kapur . Congratulations on reaching 500,000 points. :)
For n=1, we get 1, 2, 3, 4 ,5. Each of the digit from 1 to 5 is cyclic. 1, and 5 remain 1 and 5 for any power. 2 and 3 are cyclic with period 4, the same as 4 n. 4 has a period of 2, so it will be back also after 4 cycle. So for all n, for m=1 to 5, we will have 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. So sum = 5 * (1+5) * 5 /2=75. Last digit is 5.
how u solved i havent understood
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We can reorder the summation as m = 1 ∑ 5 n = 1 ∑ 5 m 4 n + 1 .
Now for each of 1 ≤ m ≤ 5 we find that m 4 n + 1 ( m o d 1 0 ) = m for all non-negative integers n , and thus n = 1 ∑ 5 ( m 4 n + 1 ( m o d 1 0 ) ) = 5 m for each m .
Summing this over m then gives us a result of
5 ∗ 2 5 ∗ ( 5 + 1 ) = 7 5 ≡ 5 ( m o d 1 0 ) , i.e., the units digit is 5 .