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n = 1 5 m = 1 5 m 4 n + 1 \large\sum_{n=1}^{5}\ \sum_{m=1}^{5}{m}^{4n+1}

Find the unit’s digit of the number above.


The answer is 5.

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3 solutions

We can reorder the summation as m = 1 5 n = 1 5 m 4 n + 1 . \displaystyle\sum_{m=1}^{5} \sum_{n=1}^{5} m^{4n + 1}.

Now for each of 1 m 5 1 \le m \le 5 we find that m 4 n + 1 ( m o d 10 ) = m m^{4n + 1} \pmod{10} = m for all non-negative integers n , n, and thus n = 1 5 ( m 4 n + 1 ( m o d 10 ) ) = 5 m \displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{5} (m^{4n + 1} \pmod{10}) = 5m for each m . m.

Summing this over m m then gives us a result of

5 5 ( 5 + 1 ) 2 = 75 5 ( m o d 10 ) , 5*\dfrac{5*(5 + 1)}{2} = 75 \equiv 5 \pmod{10}, i.e., the units digit is 5 . \boxed{5}.

Moderator note:

Nice reordering of summations. Is it possible to solve the problem (elegantly) if the summation becomes n = 1 5 m = 1 n m 4 n + 1 \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{5}\ \sum_{m=1}^{n}{m}^{4n+1} or m = 1 5 n = 1 m m 4 n + 1 \displaystyle \sum_{m=1}^{5}\ \sum_{n=1}^{m}{m}^{4n+1} ?

Nice question, @Rajen Kapur . Congratulations on reaching 500,000 points. :)

Brian Charlesworth - 6 years, 1 month ago

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You inspire me to work hard.

Rajen Kapur - 6 years, 1 month ago

For n=1, we get 1, 2, 3, 4 ,5. Each of the digit from 1 to 5 is cyclic. 1, and 5 remain 1 and 5 for any power. 2 and 3 are cyclic with period 4, the same as 4 \color{#D61F06}{4} n. 4 has a period of 2, so it will be back also after 4 cycle. So for all n, for m=1 to 5, we will have 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. So sum = 5 * (1+5) * 5 /2=75. Last digit is 5.

Sujit Kumar
May 7, 2015

how u solved i havent understood

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