Harmonic Series

Calculus Level 4

What is the minimum value of N N that will satisfy the statement below?

k = 1 N 1 k 7 \sum_{k = 1}^{N} \dfrac{1}{k} \geq 7


The answer is 616.

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2 solutions

Christian Daang
Apr 5, 2017

There are several ways to solve this.

You may use: H n ln ( n ) + γ + 1 2 n 1 12 n 2 \displaystyle H_n \approx \ln (n) + \gamma + \cfrac{1}{2n} - \cfrac{1}{12n^2} .

This is already a quite accurate estimate for H n H_n .

Hence, we have: H n ln ( n ) + γ + 1 2 n 1 12 n 2 7 \displaystyle H_n \approx \ln (n) + \gamma + \cfrac{1}{2n} - \cfrac{1}{12n^2} \geq 7

By the fact that as n increases, the value of H n H_n also increases but in a very slow rate, then, the terms 1 2 n 1 12 n 2 \cfrac{1}{2n} - \cfrac{1}{12n^2} will tend to be zero and hence,

ln ( n ) + γ 7 n = e 7 γ = 616 \ln (n) + \gamma \geq 7 \implies n = \left \lceil e^{7 - \gamma} \right \rceil = \boxed{616}


But i just want to ask, how to solve this kind of equations? (i.e. H n ln ( n ) + γ + 1 2 n 1 12 n 2 7 \displaystyle H_n \approx \ln (n) + \gamma + \cfrac{1}{2n} - \cfrac{1}{12n^2} \geq 7 ? See below how I solve this kind of equation. )

H n ln ( n ) + γ + 1 2 n 1 12 n 2 7 ( 12 n 2 ln ( n ) ) + ( 12 n 2 γ ) + 6 n 1 84 n 2 ( 12 n 2 ln ( n ) ) ( ( 84 12 γ ) n 2 ) 6 n + 1 \displaystyle H_n \approx \ln (n) + \gamma + \cfrac{1}{2n} - \cfrac{1}{12n^2} \geq 7 \\ \implies \bigg(12n^2 \ln(n) \bigg) + \bigg(12n^2 \gamma \bigg) + 6n - 1 \geq 84n^2 \\ \bigg(12n^2 \ln(n) \bigg) \geq \bigg( (84 - 12\gamma)n^2\bigg) - 6n + 1

But I was stocked on the last step. What should I do next?

This is a transcendental equation/inequality, so there is (most likely) no closed form for n n . The only way to find n n is via numerical analysis.

On the other hand, consider a simpler case: x 2 = 2 x x^2 = 2^x . The trivial solutions are x = 2 , 4 x=2,4 , but the other real solution cannot be found using conventional methods, you just have to use numerical approximations like Newton Raphson method to get the other answer of x 0.76666469596212 x\approx -0.76666469596212 .

Pi Han Goh - 4 years, 2 months ago

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I see sir. Thanks sir. :) ~

Christian Daang - 4 years, 2 months ago
Jessica Wang
Jul 20, 2017
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def min_value(x):
    n = 1
    while sum(1.0/n for n in range(1,n+1)) < x:
        n += 1
    return n

print min_value(7)

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