A fair coin is flipped 20 times in a row. In the end, exactly 14 heads appear face up. What is probability that no two consecutive coins that were flipped both showed tails face up?
Round your answer to the nearest thousandth
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We have 20 identical coins. The number of ways to place 14 coins heads up and 6 coins tails up in a row is:
( 1 4 2 0 ) = 3 8 7 6 0
The restriction in the number of positions is that no two coins that are tails up are right next to one another. First place the 6 coins that are tails up in a row which can be done in only one way because each coin is indistinguishable.
Between each two of these 6 coins we must place a coin which is heads up. So we must place 5 coins heads up between the 6 coins that are tails up. One coin must be placed in each of the positions indicated by A , B , C , D , E .
The restriction is now met and the result is shown below.
Now each of the remaining 14 - 5 = 9 coins that are heads up can be placed in one of the indicated 7 spots:
A , B , C , D , E or X 1 or X 2
The number of ways this can be done is:
( 9 9 + 7 − 1 ) = ( 9 1 5 ) = 5 0 0 5
Finally the probability that this happens, rounded of to the nearest thousandth is:
( 1 4 2 0 ) ( 9 1 5 ) = 3 8 7 6 0 5 0 0 5 ≈ 0 . 1 2 9