Heavy Bias

Flipping a biased coin with probability 1 100 \frac{1}{100} of heads coming up, what's the expected number of flips until two of the most recent three flips are heads?

If the result can be expressed as a b \frac{a}{b} , where a a and b b are coprime positive integers, give your answer as a + b a + b .


The answer is 1020099.

This section requires Javascript.
You are seeing this because something didn't load right. We suggest you, (a) try refreshing the page, (b) enabling javascript if it is disabled on your browser and, finally, (c) loading the non-javascript version of this page . We're sorry about the hassle.

1 solution

Borut Levart
Oct 20, 2017

Two initial heads end the process in two flips with chance 1 in 10,000. In general one can overview the problem with the probability tree above. Filled disks and circles represent heads and tails respectively in the last two flips. Note two distinct non-stopping states (START and x x ) which can be captured with a system of equations. Expected number of flips:

E [ N ] = p 2 2 + p q ( 2 + x ) + q ( 1 + E [ N ] ) \mathbb{E}[N] = p^2 \cdot 2 + p \, q \cdot (2 + x) + q \cdot (1 + \mathbb{E}[N])

x = p + q ( 1 + E [ N ] ) x = p + q \cdot (1 + \mathbb{E}[N])

Probability of heads is p p , and of tails is q = 1 p q = 1 - p . Plug x x into the first equation to get:

E [ N ] = 1 + 2 p p 2 p 2 ( 2 p ) = 1019900 199 \mathbb{E}[N] = \frac{1 + 2 p - p^2}{p^2 (2 - p)} = \frac{1019900}{199}

With p = 0.01 p = 0.01 . This makes the answer 1020099 \boxed{1020099} .

0 pending reports

×

Problem Loading...

Note Loading...

Set Loading...