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Since the square root of a ^2 in the expression is a positive square root, then sqrt( a ^2) > 0. If a < 0, then - a > 0, which implies that sqrt( a ^2)= - a . Similarly, the square root of ( 1- a )^2 is a positive square root too, so sqrt[( 1- a )^2] > 0. If a <0, then 1- a >0, which implies that sqrt[(1- a )^2]=1- a . Therefore the expression above could be simplified into - a + 1- a = 1-2a .