Assume that atmosphere of a planet is in hydro-static equilibrium and all air process occurring in the atmosphere are adiabatic.The gas of the atmosphere behaves as an ideal gas. The gravitation constant is .
The temperature of the surface of planet is K. Assume the atmosphere is made of diatomic gas of molar mass .
Find the height of the atmosphere of the planet in meters.
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This problem is taken from INPhO Problem.
From Ideal Gas equation:- P V = n R T P V = M m R T P M = ρ R T … ( 1 ) Now From the assumption that atmosphere is in hydro-static equilibrium, we can write that:- d P = − ρ g d z From equation ( 1 ) d P = − R T P M g d z … ( 2 ) Since all the processes are adiabatic, therefore:- P V γ = c o n s t a n t Using its analogue:- T γ P 1 − γ = c o n s t a n t Differentiating it, we get:- P 1 − γ γ T γ − 1 d T + T γ ( 1 − γ ) P − γ d P = 0 Simplifying it we get:- γ P d T + ( 1 − γ ) T d P = 0 P d P = T ( γ − 1 ) γ d T … ( 3 ) From equation ( 2 ) P d p = R T − M g d z From equation ( 3 ) T ( γ − 1 ) γ d T = R T − M g d z Cancelling T , integrating and applying limits, we get:- ∫ T 0 T γ − 1 γ d T = ∫ 0 h R − M g d z Solving it we get:- γ − 1 γ ( T − T 0 ) = R − M g h Now is some logic. For atmosphere to exist to some extent, The lowest temperature can be 0 K . Hence if we put T = 0 in above equation we will get required height. γ − 1 − γ T 0 = R − M g h Now we can calculate h = 3 0 1 0 2 . 4 m