Height of atmosphere!!

Assume that atmosphere of a planet is in hydro-static equilibrium and all air process occurring in the atmosphere are adiabatic.The gas of the atmosphere behaves as an ideal gas. The gravitation constant is g = 9.8 ms 2 g=9.8\text{ms}^{-2} .

The temperature of the surface of planet is T 0 = 300 T_{0} = 300 K. Assume the atmosphere is made of diatomic gas of molar mass M = 29 M=29 .

Find the height of the atmosphere of the planet in meters.

Details

  • Take R = 8.314 JK 1 mol 1 R=8.314\text{JK}^{1-}\text{mol}^{-1}


The answer is 30102.4.

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1 solution

Prakhar Gupta
Jan 17, 2015

This problem is taken from INPhO Problem.

From Ideal Gas equation:- P V = n R T PV=nRT P V = m M R T PV=\dfrac{m}{M}RT P M = ρ R T ( 1 ) PM=\rho RT \ldots (1) Now From the assumption that atmosphere is in hydro-static equilibrium, we can write that:- d P = ρ g d z dP = -\rho gdz From equation ( 1 ) (1) d P = P M g d z R T ( 2 ) dP=-\dfrac{PMgdz}{RT} \ldots (2) Since all the processes are adiabatic, therefore:- P V γ = c o n s t a n t PV^{\gamma}=constant Using its analogue:- T γ P 1 γ = c o n s t a n t T^{\gamma}P^{1-\gamma} = constant Differentiating it, we get:- P 1 γ γ T γ 1 d T + T γ ( 1 γ ) P γ d P = 0 P^{1-\gamma}\gamma T^{\gamma-1}dT +T^{\gamma}(1-\gamma)P^{-\gamma}dP=0 Simplifying it we get:- γ P d T + ( 1 γ ) T d P = 0 \gamma PdT+(1-\gamma )TdP=0 d P P = γ d T T ( γ 1 ) ( 3 ) \dfrac{dP}{P} = \dfrac{\gamma dT}{T(\gamma -1)} \ldots (3) From equation ( 2 ) (2) d p P = M g d z R T \dfrac{dp}{P} = \dfrac{-Mgdz}{RT} From equation ( 3 ) (3) γ d T T ( γ 1 ) = M g d z R T \dfrac{\gamma dT}{T(\gamma -1)} = \dfrac{-Mgdz}{RT} Cancelling T T , integrating and applying limits, we get:- T 0 T γ γ 1 d T = 0 h M g R d z \int_{T_{0}}^{T} \dfrac{\gamma}{\gamma-1}dT = \int_{0}^{h} \dfrac{-Mg}{R}dz Solving it we get:- γ γ 1 ( T T 0 ) = M g h R \dfrac{\gamma}{\gamma -1} (T-T_{0}) = \dfrac{-Mgh}{R} Now is some logic. For atmosphere to exist to some extent, The lowest temperature can be 0 K 0K . Hence if we put T = 0 T=0 in above equation we will get required height. γ T 0 γ 1 = M g h R \dfrac{-\gamma T_{0}}{\gamma-1} = \dfrac{-Mgh}{R} Now we can calculate h = 30102.4 m \boxed{ h = 30102.4m}

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