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Calculus Level 5

Suppose that there are two functions f ( x ) f(x) and g ( x ) g(x) , such that the derivative of the product of the two functions is

( 5 x 2 + 107 6 x + 47 3 ) e 5 x \left(5x^2 + \frac{107}{6} x + \dfrac {47}{3} \right)e^{5x}

and that their Wronskian is

( x 2 19 6 x 7 3 ) e 5 x \left(-x^2 - \frac{19}{6}x - \frac {7}{3}\right)e^{5x}

Suppose also that f ( x ) g ( x ) = 3 2 e x \dfrac { f'(x)}{g'(x)} = \dfrac{3}{2}e^x . Assuming all arbitrary constants of integration to be zero, if the value of ( f + g ) ( 1 ) (f+g)(1) can be expressed in the form A e B C + D e F G \dfrac {Ae^B}{C} + \dfrac {De^F}{G} where A , B , C , D , F A,B,C,D,F and G G are positive integers with gcd ( A , C ) = gcd ( D , G ) = 1 \gcd(A,C) = \gcd(D,G) = 1 , determine the value of A + B + C + D + F + G A + B + C + D + F + G .


The answer is 23.

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1 solution

Riccardo Baldini
Jan 16, 2019

First of all let's recall what the Wronskian of two function is: W ( f , g ) = f g g f W(f,g)=f g'-gf' . So we have a system of three relations:

{ f g + g f = ( 5 x 2 + 107 6 x + 47 3 ) e 5 x f g g f = ( x 2 19 6 x 7 3 ) e 5 x f g = 3 2 e x \begin{cases} fg'+gf'=\left(5x^2+\frac{107}{6}x+\frac{47}{3}\right) e^{5x} \\ fg'-gf'=\left(-x^2-\frac{19}{6}x-\frac{7}{3}\right) e^{5x} \\ \frac{f'}{g'}=\frac{3}{2}e^x \end{cases}

Subtracting the second equation to the first we get:

2 g f = ( 6 x 2 + 21 x + 18 ) e 5 x 2gf'=\left(6x^2+21x+18\right) e^{5x}

and using the third eqn:

2 g 3 2 e x g = 3 ( 2 x 2 + 7 x + 6 ) e 5 x g g = ( 2 x 2 + 7 x + 6 ) e 4 x 2g\cdot \frac{3}{2}e^xg'=3\left(2x^2+7x+6\right) e^{5x} \Rightarrow gg'=\left(2x^2+7x+6\right) e^{4x}

Integrating both parts: g 2 ( x ) 2 = 1 8 ( 2 x + 3 ) 2 e 4 x g 2 ( x ) = 1 4 ( 2 x + 3 ) 2 e 4 x g ( x ) = 1 2 ( 2 x + 3 ) e 2 x \frac{g^2(x)}{2}=\frac{1}{8}\left(2x+3\right)^2 e^{4x}\Rightarrow g^2(x)=\frac{1}{4}\left(2x+3\right)^2 e^{4x}\Rightarrow g(x)=\frac{1}{2}\left(2x+3\right) e^{2x}

Note: we can discard the negative solution because ( f + g ) ( 1 ) (f+g)(1) in the end is requested to be positive.

Solving the third eqn for f ( x ) f(x) : f ( x ) = 3 ( x + 2 ) e 3 x f ( x ) = 1 3 ( 3 x + 5 ) e 3 x f'(x)=3(x+2)e^{3x}\Rightarrow f(x)=\frac{1}{3}(3x+5)e^{3x} .

It's easy to check that this definition for f ( x ) f(x) and g ( x ) g(x) verifies the three eqns of the system.

Now we only need to evaluate the sum f ( x ) + g ( x ) f(x)+g(x) at x = 1 x=1 :

f ( 1 ) + g ( 1 ) = 5 e 2 2 + 8 e 3 3 f(1)+g(1)=\frac{5 e^2}{2}+\frac{8 e^3}{3} ,

so

A = 5 , B = 2 , C = 2 , D = 8 , F = 3 , G = 3 A=5, B=2, C=2, D=8, F=3, G=3 and A + B + C + D + F + G = 23 A+B+C+D+F+G=23

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