Suppose that there are two functions f ( x ) and g ( x ) , such that the derivative of the product of the two functions is
( 5 x 2 + 6 1 0 7 x + 3 4 7 ) e 5 x
and that their Wronskian is
( − x 2 − 6 1 9 x − 3 7 ) e 5 x
Suppose also that g ′ ( x ) f ′ ( x ) = 2 3 e x . Assuming all arbitrary constants of integration to be zero, if the value of ( f + g ) ( 1 ) can be expressed in the form C A e B + G D e F where A , B , C , D , F and G are positive integers with g cd ( A , C ) = g cd ( D , G ) = 1 , determine the value of A + B + C + D + F + G .
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First of all let's recall what the Wronskian of two function is: W ( f , g ) = f g ′ − g f ′ . So we have a system of three relations:
⎩ ⎪ ⎨ ⎪ ⎧ f g ′ + g f ′ = ( 5 x 2 + 6 1 0 7 x + 3 4 7 ) e 5 x f g ′ − g f ′ = ( − x 2 − 6 1 9 x − 3 7 ) e 5 x g ′ f ′ = 2 3 e x
Subtracting the second equation to the first we get:
2 g f ′ = ( 6 x 2 + 2 1 x + 1 8 ) e 5 x
and using the third eqn:
2 g ⋅ 2 3 e x g ′ = 3 ( 2 x 2 + 7 x + 6 ) e 5 x ⇒ g g ′ = ( 2 x 2 + 7 x + 6 ) e 4 x
Integrating both parts: 2 g 2 ( x ) = 8 1 ( 2 x + 3 ) 2 e 4 x ⇒ g 2 ( x ) = 4 1 ( 2 x + 3 ) 2 e 4 x ⇒ g ( x ) = 2 1 ( 2 x + 3 ) e 2 x
Note: we can discard the negative solution because ( f + g ) ( 1 ) in the end is requested to be positive.
Solving the third eqn for f ( x ) : f ′ ( x ) = 3 ( x + 2 ) e 3 x ⇒ f ( x ) = 3 1 ( 3 x + 5 ) e 3 x .
It's easy to check that this definition for f ( x ) and g ( x ) verifies the three eqns of the system.
Now we only need to evaluate the sum f ( x ) + g ( x ) at x = 1 :
f ( 1 ) + g ( 1 ) = 2 5 e 2 + 3 8 e 3 ,
so
A = 5 , B = 2 , C = 2 , D = 8 , F = 3 , G = 3 and A + B + C + D + F + G = 2 3