Hello IMOment 2

Mr.Calvin takes out an even number from the set { 1 , 2 , 3 , , 25 } \{1, 2, 3,\ldots, 25\} .

Suppose that the remaining set has precisely 124 subsets with three elements that form an arithmetic progression .

Find the sum of the possible values of the number is removed.


The answer is 26.

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Oct 23, 2018

If a , b , c a,b,c form an arithmetic progression of integers, then a a and c c have the same parity. Moreover, any two numbers a , c a,c of the same parity can be the first and third elements of an arithmetic progression of integers. Thus there are ( 13 2 ) + ( 12 2 ) = 144 \binom{13}{2} + \binom{12}{2} = 144 triplets of numbers between 1 1 and 25 25 that form an arithmetic progression.

For any even number x x , there are 11 11 triplets that form an arithmetic progression where x x is either the first or the third element (just choose another even number to be the other terminal integer). There are also m i n ( x 1 , 25 x ) \mathrm{min}(x-1,25-x) (the smaller of the numbers of integers less than or greater than x x ) triplets that form an arithmetic progression where x x is the second element.

Thus there are 144 11 min ( x , 25 x ) = 133 m i n ( x , 25 x ) 144 - 11 - \mathrm{\min}(x,25-x) = 133 - \mathrm{min}(x,25-x) triplets that can be chosen that form an arithmetic progression and do not contain x x (for any even number x x ). Thus we obtain 122 122 such triplets when x = 10 , 16 x = 10,16 , making the answer 10 + 16 = 26 10 + 16 = \boxed{26} .

It is interesting to note that the solutions for any possible number of triplets (and not just 122 122 ) are of the form x , 26 x x,26-x and so add to 26 26 .

Observe total number of subsets in the set {1,2,3 ... 25}, is 0 + 1 + 2 + ... 12 + 13 + 12 + ... 1 + 0 =144. Therefore, if the even number k is removed, we have removed 20 subsets. Consider the subset to be (a,b,c), For a certain k, even, the number of subsets is ( No of even numbers -1 ) + (k-1)--> (If k is smaller than 25/2) or (25 - k )--> (If k is greater than 25/2). Therefore, we get 2 equations - 11 + k -1 =20 which gives k=10, and 11 - 25 + k = 20 which gives k=26, so the sum of such numbers = 10 +16.

Alex Fullbuster - 2 years, 1 month ago

@Mark Hennings Great Note : Even if we had the no. of subsets 120, 122, 126, we would have sum of such number 26.

Alex Fullbuster - 2 years, 1 month ago

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