Hex bound

Geometry Level 3

7 7 points are placed in a regular hexagon with side length 20 20 . Let m m denote the distance between the two closest points. What is the maximum possible value of m m ?

Details and assumptions

Clarification: The points can be placed on the perimeter of the hexagon.


The answer is 20.

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1 solution

Arron Kau Staff
May 13, 2014

Lemma: We first show that in an equilateral triangle of side length 20 20 , given any 2 points P , Q P, Q in the triangle, then P Q 20 |PQ| \leq 20 .

Proof: WLOG, we may assume that the points P , Q P, Q lie on the perimeter of the triangle. If they lie on the same side, then clearly P Q 20 |PQ| \leq 20 . If they lie on different sides, let A A be the common vertex of these sides. Consider triangle A P Q APQ . Since P A Q = 6 0 \angle PAQ = 60^\circ , one of the other angles (WLOG, A P Q APQ ) must be greater than or equal to 18 0 6 0 2 = 6 0 \frac {180^\circ - 60^\circ} {2} = 60 ^ \circ . As such, we have P Q A Q 20 |PQ| \leq |AQ| \leq 20 . _\square

Now, joining opposite vertices of the hexagon breaks it into 6 6 equilateral triangles of side length 20 20 . We apply the pigeonhole principle by letting the number of points (7) be pigeons and the number of triangles (6) be pigeonholes. Thus, we have that one of the triangles must contain at least 2 2 points. By the above lemma, they can be at most 20 20 apart. Hence the maximum possible value of m m is 20 20 . This can be achieved by placing 1 point in the center, and 1 point on each vertex.

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