In decimal notation , 8 1 1 = 0 . 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 0 1 2 3 4 …
In analogy to this, we wish to find a fraction for which in hexadecimal notation n 1 = 0 . 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D F 0 1 … What is the value of n , expressed as a hexadecimal numeral?
Bonus: Generalize this for number base b .
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In answer to the bonus question, it's ( b − 1 ) 2 1
Applying this to the main problem, n = 15² = 225. So in hexadecimal n = E1
Do you have a proof?
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For the main problem, the recurring decimal can be written as F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D F this simplifies to E 1 1
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Claim: in number base b , ( b − 1 ) 2 1 = 0 . 0 1 2 3 4 ⋯ ( b − 4 ) ( b − 3 ) ( b − 1 ) 0 1 2 3 4 … .
Substituting b = 1 6 gives the denominator ( 1 6 − 1 ) 2 = 2 2 5 = E 1 1 6 .
Proof: Let a be the repeating part: a = 1 2 3 4 ⋯ ( b − 4 ) ( b − 3 ) ( b − 1 ) = 1 + n = 1 ∑ b − 2 n ⋅ b b − 2 − n . Mulitply this by b − 1 : a ( b − 1 ) = ( b − 1 ) + n = 1 ∑ b − 2 n ( b − 1 ) ⋅ b b − 2 − n = ( b − 1 ) + n = 1 ∑ b − 2 n ⋅ b b − 1 − n − n = 1 ∑ b − 2 n ⋅ b b − 2 − n = ( b − 1 ) + n = 1 ∑ b − 2 n ⋅ b b − 1 − n − n = 2 ∑ b − 1 ( n − 1 ) ⋅ b b − 1 − n = ( b − 1 ) + n = 1 ∑ b − 1 ( n − ( n − 1 ) ) ⋅ b b − 1 − n − ( b − 1 ) = n = 1 ∑ b − 1 b b − 1 − n = n = 0 ∑ b − 2 b n ; multiply again by b − 1 : a ( b − 1 ) 2 = n = 0 ∑ b − 2 ( b − 1 ) ⋅ b n = n = 1 ∑ b − 1 b n − n = 0 ∑ b − 2 b n = b b − 1 − 1 . The repeated fraction is x = 0 . 0 0 … 0 0 1 0 0 … 0 0 1 0 0 … ⋅ a = ( p = 1 ∑ ∞ b − p ⋅ ( b − 1 ) ) ⋅ a , so that x ( b − 1 ) 2 = 0 . 0 0 … 0 0 1 0 0 … 0 0 1 0 0 … ⋅ a ( b − 1 ) 2 = 0 . 0 0 … 0 0 1 0 0 … 0 0 1 0 0 … ⋅ ( b b − 1 − 1 ) = p = 1 ∑ ∞ b − p ⋅ ( b − 1 ) + b − 1 − p = 1 ∑ ∞ b − p ⋅ ( b − 1 ) = p = 0 ∑ ∞ b − p ⋅ ( b − 1 ) − p = 1 ∑ ∞ b − p ⋅ ( b − 1 ) = b 0 = 1 . From x b 2 = 1 it follows that 1 / b 2 = x .