An equilateral hexagon, that is one with all sides equal to one another, has ∠ B C D = 1 2 2 ∘ , ∠ D E F = 1 3 8 ∘ , ∠ F A B = 1 0 0 ∘ . Find ∠ C D E in degrees.
Inspiration
: Calvin Lin's Problems of the Week, March 20
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By Law of Cosines
a 2 = 2 y 2 − 2 y 2 c o s 1 0 0 = y 2 ( 2 − 2 c o s 1 0 0 )
a = y 2 − 2 c o s 1 0 0
b 2 = y 2 ( 2 − 2 c o s 1 3 8
b = y 2 − 2 c o s 1 3 8
c 2 = y 2 ( 2 − 2 c o s 1 2 2 )
c = y 2 − 2 c o s 1 2 2
Solving for m ,
y 2 = y 2 + b 2 − 2 ( y ) ( b ) c o s m
m = 2 1
Solving for k ,
y 2 = y 2 + c 2 − 2 ( y ) ( c ) c o s k
k = 2 9
Solving for z ,
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2 ( b ) ( c ) c o s z
z = 5 0
∠ C D E = 2 1 + 2 9 + 5 0 = 1 0 0
x = ∠ E D F + ∠ F D B + ∠ B D C .
AngleAngle E D F = 2 1 ( 1 8 0 ∘ − 1 3 8 ∘ ) = 2 1 ∘ from the isosceles triangle E D F .
Angle B D C = 2 1 ( 1 8 0 ∘ − 1 2 2 ∘ ) = 2 9 ∘ from the isosceles triangle B D C .
To get angle F D B we will use the triangle F D B , after we find its sides a , b and c using the law of cosines and the arbitrary assumption that every side of the hexagon is size 1.
a = 2 − 2 c o s ( 1 0 0 ) = 1 . 5 3 2
b = 2 − 2 c o s ( 1 2 2 ) = 1 . 7 4 9
c = 2 − 2 c o s ( 1 3 8 ) = 1 . 8 6 7
One more use of the law of cosines, this time in reverse, will give us
∠ F D B = a r c c o s ( 2 b c b 2 + c 2 − a 2 ) = 5 0 ∘
x = ∠ E D F + ∠ F D B + ∠ B D C = 2 1 ∘ + 5 0 ∘ + 2 9 ∘ = 1 0 0 ∘
I had done the same way but found a, b, c as under, but pressed wrong button !!! A s s u m i n g a l l s i d e s a s u n i t y , W L O G , a = 2 ∗ 1 ∗ S i n 2 1 0 0 = 1 . 5 3 2 . . . . . b = 2 ∗ 1 ∗ S i n 2 1 2 2 = 1 . 7 4 9 . . . . c = 2 ∗ 1 ∗ S i n 2 1 3 8 = 1 . 8 6 7 . ∠ F D B = C o s − 1 ( 2 ∗ b ∗ c b 2 + c 2 − a 2 ) = 5 0 o . S o x = 2 1 8 0 − 1 3 8 + 5 0 + 2 1 8 0 − 1 2 2 = 1 0 0 o .
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∠ A + ∠ C + ∠ E = 3 6 0 . Therefore point A reflected about BF will produce point O, circumcenter of △ B D F . Same point O will be produced by reflection of point C about BD and point E about DF.
By inscribed angle theorem ∠ F D B = 1 0 0 / 2 = 5 0 .
∠ F D E = ( 1 8 0 − 1 3 8 ) / 2 = 2 1
∠ B D C = ( 1 8 0 − 1 2 2 ) / 2 = 2 9
∠ C D E = ∠ F D B + ∠ F D E + ∠ B D C = 5 0 + 2 1 + 2 9 = 1 0 0
Another way to solve it is to look at the hexagon as three adjacent rhombuses: ABOF, BCDO, DEFO. ∠ O D E = 1 8 0 − 1 3 8 = 4 2 , ∠ O D C = 1 8 0 − 1 2 2 = 5 8 ⇒ ∠ E D C = 4 2 + 5 8 = 1 0 0 .