Suppose I have two fair dice and Each can have any number of faces, and a positive integer is written on each face. Is it possible that has a greater average roll value while has a greater chance of rolling higher on an individual roll?
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The answer is Yes . As an example using fair 6-sided dice, (fair meaning that each side has an equal chance of being on top), let dice A have face numbers 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 8 and dice B have face numbers 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 . Then the average roll value for dice A is 6 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 8 = 6 1 3 , while the average roll value for dice B is 2 . Yet of the 6 × 6 = 3 6 outcomes from rolling both dice simultaneously, for only 6 of those outcomes will dice A have a higher value than dice B , i.e., dice B will have a 5 / 6 chance of having a higher individual roll.
An example where all side numbers are distinct is 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 3 7 for dice A and 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 1 0 , 1 1 for dice B .