Each edge of a particular tetrahedron has a length of either 5 cm or 7 cm. The minimum possible volume, in cm 3 , of such a tetrahedron can be written as c a b , where a , b , and c are positive integers, a and c are coprime, and b is square-free. Give a + b + c .
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I can not imagine such a tetrahedron! A perspective drawing would not be bad. This could also help to explain the integration formula. ;-)
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Oh, nice, a moving perspective sure helps.
Thank you!
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One way to find the volume is using analytical geometry with base triangle on XY plane, z coordinate of the fourth vertex being the height. There is also a formula for the volume of tetrahedron.
V = 3 ! 1 2 3 1 d e t ( 1 , 0 a i j 2 , 1 )
a i j denotes an edge connecting vertex A i and A j and
d e t ( 1 , 0 a i j 2 , 1 ) = d e t ⎝ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎛ 0 a 1 , 2 2 a 1 , 3 2 a 1 , 4 2 1 a 1 , 2 2 0 a 2 , 3 2 a 2 , 4 2 1 a 1 , 3 2 a 2 , 3 2 0 a 3 , 4 2 1 a 1 , 4 2 a 2 , 4 2 a 3 , 4 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 ⎠ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎞
In our case there are 11 possible configurations:
No of Length 7 Edges | No of Configurations | Volumes
0 1 14.73
1 1 14.87
2 2 18.04 5.77
3 3 23.01 20.82 18.26
4 2 25.25 25.17
5 1 32.22
6 1 40.42
The configuration with 2 long edges opposite each other without common vertex gives lowest determinant:
d e t ⎝ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎛ 0 5 2 5 2 7 2 1 5 2 0 7 2 5 2 1 5 2 7 2 0 5 2 1 7 2 5 2 5 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 ⎠ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎟ ⎞ = 9 6 0 4
resulting with volume value of 1 2 4 9 2 ≈ 5 . 7 7 .
Thanks for proving what I had only guessed at. Now I need to figure out how that works.
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If we had a square of side 5 , the diagonal would be 7 . 0 7 1 0 7 . . . By making this diagonal exactly 7 , we form a rhombus, which we can crease along the shorter diagonal. Putting two such rhombuses together makes for a nearly flat tetrahedron. A little effort gets us the volume
1 2 4 9 2
as compared with the volume of a regular tetrahedron of edge 5
1 2 1 2 5 2
Edit: Here's the work to get us the volume
5 2 − 2 ( 2 7 ) 2 ∫ 0 1 7 h ( 7 − 7 h ) d h = 1 2 4 9 2
where the limits of the integration is based on using altitude h as a parameter arbitrarily from 0 to 1 , the area being a rectangle varying from 0 × 7 to 2 7 × 2 7 to 7 × 0 , while the coefficient is the ratio of the actual distance between the edges of length 7 to the parameter of arbitrary length 1 , thus scaling the volume.
Edit 2: Here's a graphic of this squeezed tetrahedron. The top and bottom of this are the long edges of length 7 , all the rest having length 5 . The distance between the long edges is 2 1 , so this tetrahedron is nearly flat. You can see how two folded rhombuses can be put together to form this tetrahedron.
Note: Finding the volume of this particular tetrahedron is easy because of its symmetry. But, in the general case, given the six arbitrary edge lengths of a tetrahedron, a , b , c , d , e , f , finding the volume is usually a gargantuan task. I suspect that Enlow did not go that way.