Find the integer such that the rational number is equal to a cube of a rational number.
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Let d be the gcd of ( 8 ⋅ n − 2 5 ) and ( n + 5 ) , then d is a divisor of 8 ⋅ ( n + 5 ) − ( 8 ⋅ n − 2 5 ) = 6 5 ( 1 )
Let A = b 3 a 3 , for a , b coprime integers. Then 8 ⋅ n − 2 5 = d ⋅ a 3 and n + 5 = d ⋅ b 3 . Hence
( 1 ) ⇒ d ⋅ ( 8 ⋅ b 3 − a 3 ) = 6 5 , for d ∈ { 1 , 5 , 1 3 , 6 5 } .
1 ) For d = 1 we have ( 2 ⋅ b ) 3 − a 3 = 6 5 . The only cubes that differ 6 5 units are the pairs ( 6 4 , − 1 ) and ( 1 , − 6 4 ) . Only the former leads to the solution n = 3
2 ) For d = 5 we have ( 2 ⋅ b ) 3 − a 3 = 1 3 . There are no cubes that differ 1 3 units.
3 ) For d = 1 3 we have ( 2 ⋅ b ) 3 − a 3 = 5 . There are no cubes that differ 5 units.
4 ) For d = 6 5 we have ( 2 ⋅ b ) 3 − a 3 = 1 . The only cubes that differ 1 unit are the pairs ( 1 , 0 ) and ( 0 , − 1 ) , but none of them leads to a solution.