How about irrational number?

Find the integer n n such that the rational number A = 8 n 25 n + 5 A = \frac{8n - 25}{n + 5} is equal to a cube of a rational number.


The answer is 3.

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1 solution

Chris Galanis
Aug 5, 2015

Let d d be the gcd of ( 8 n 25 ) (8\cdot n - 25) and ( n + 5 ) (n + 5) , then d d is a divisor of 8 ( n + 5 ) ( 8 n 25 ) = 65 ( 1 ) \boxed{8\cdot (n + 5) - (8\cdot n - 25) = 65}(1)

Let A = a 3 b 3 A = \frac{a^3}{b^3} , for a , b a, b coprime integers. Then 8 n 25 = d a 3 8\cdot n - 25 = d\cdot a^3 and n + 5 = d b 3 n + 5 = d\cdot b^3 . Hence

( 1 ) d ( 8 b 3 a 3 ) = 65 (1)\Rightarrow d\cdot (8\cdot b^3 - a^3) = 65 , for d { 1 , 5 , 13 , 65 } d \in \Big\{1, 5, 13, 65\Big\} .

1 ) 1) For d = 1 d = 1 we have ( 2 b ) 3 a 3 = 65 (2\cdot b)^3 - a^3 = 65 . The only cubes that differ 65 65 units are the pairs ( 64 , 1 ) (64, -1) and ( 1 , 64 ) (1, -64) . Only the former leads to the solution n = 3 \boxed{n = 3}

2 ) 2) For d = 5 d = 5 we have ( 2 b ) 3 a 3 = 13 (2\cdot b)^3 - a^3 = 13 . There are no cubes that differ 13 13 units.

3 ) 3) For d = 13 d = 13 we have ( 2 b ) 3 a 3 = 5 (2\cdot b)^3 - a^3 = 5 . There are no cubes that differ 5 5 units.

4 ) 4) For d = 65 d = 65 we have ( 2 b ) 3 a 3 = 1 (2\cdot b)^3 - a^3 = 1 . The only cubes that differ 1 1 unit are the pairs ( 1 , 0 ) (1, 0) and ( 0 , 1 ) (0, -1) , but none of them leads to a solution.

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