How am I supposed to do that?

Algebra Level 5

Solve the following system for real x x and y y 5 x ( 1 + 1 x 2 + y 2 ) = 12 5x\left ( 1+\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}\right )=12 5 y ( 1 1 x 2 + y 2 ) = 4 5y\left ( 1-\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}\right )=4


Note

  • Enter your answer as the sum of all such values of x x and y y .
  • This question once appeared in RMO.


The answer is 3.2.

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3 solutions

Souryajit Roy
Nov 24, 2014

Let z = x + i y z=x+iy where i = 1 i=\sqrt{-1} .Then x 2 + y 2 = z ( x i y ) x^{2}+y^{2}=z(x-iy)

x + x x 2 + y 2 = 12 5 x+\frac{x}{x^{2}+y^{2}}=\frac{12}{5} ...(1)

y y x 2 + y 2 = 4 5 y-\frac{y}{x^{2}+y^{2}}=\frac{4}{5} .....(2)

( 1 ) + i × ( 2 ) (1)+i\times(2) gives

x + i y + x i y x 2 + y 2 = 4 5 ( 3 + i ) x+iy+\frac{x-iy}{x^{2}+y^{2}}=\frac{4}{5}(3+i)

or, z + 1 z = 2 t z+\frac{1}{z}=2t where t = 2 5 ( 3 + i ) t=\frac{2}{5}(3+i)

Solving , z = t + t 2 1 z=t+\sqrt{t^{2}-1} or z = t t 2 1 z=t-\sqrt{t^{2}-1}

t 2 1 = 1 25 ( 5 + 24 i ) = ( 4 + 3 i 5 ) 2 t^{2}-1=\frac{1}{25}(5+24i)=(\frac{4+3i}{5})^{2}

So , z = 6 + 2 i 5 + 4 + 3 i 5 z=\frac{6+2i}{5}+\frac{4+3i}{5} or z = 6 + 2 i 5 4 + 3 i 5 z=\frac{6+2i}{5}-\frac{4+3i}{5}

Comparing, x = 2 , y = 1 x=2,y=1 or x = 2 5 , y = 1 5 x=\frac{2}{5},y=-\frac{1}{5}

Small typo. You interchange between m m and t t in the middle of your proof.

Siddhartha Srivastava - 6 years, 6 months ago

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sorry for the mistake

Souryajit Roy - 6 years, 6 months ago

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Niranjan Khanderia - 2 years, 5 months ago
Jakub Šafin
Nov 24, 2014

Let x 2 + y 2 = t > 0 x^2+y^2=t > 0 . From the second equation, we can see that t 1 t \neq 1 . Also, the brackets in both equations must be non-zero, so we can write t = ( 12 t 5 ( t + 1 ) ) 2 + ( 4 t 5 ( t 1 ) ) 2 t=\left(\frac{12t}{5(t+1)}\right)^2+\left(\frac{4t}{5(t-1)}\right)^2 25 16 = 9 t t 2 + 2 t + 1 + t t 2 2 t + 1 = t ( 10 t 2 16 t + 10 ) ( t + 1 ) 2 ( t 1 ) 2 \frac{25}{16}=\frac{9t}{t^2+2t+1}+\frac{t}{t^2-2t+1}=\frac{t(10t^2-16t+10)}{(t+1)^2(t-1)^2} 25 ( t 2 1 ) 2 = 160 t ( t 2 8 5 t + 1 ) 25(t^2-1)^2=160t(t^2-\frac{8}{5}t+1)

P ( t ) = 25 t 4 160 t 3 + 206 t 2 160 t + 25 = 0 P(t)=25t^4-160t^3+206t^2-160t+25=0

Nasty equation added to inventory! It's time to try guessing roots. The obvious 1 , 0 , 1 -1, 0, 1 give no decent results. Therefore, let's try rational roots.

We know that if a b \frac{a}{b} is a root (with a , b a,b coprime), then after multiplying P ( t ) P(t) by b 4 b^4 and taking the whole equation modulo a a , we get 25 b 4 0 25b^4\equiv0 . But a , b a,b are coprime, so it implies a 25 a|25 . Similarly, we could take the whole equation b 4 P ( t ) = 0 b^4P(t)=0 modulo b b , obtaining b 25 b|25 .

We're free to try roots a b = 1 25 , 1 5 , 5 , 25 \frac{a}{b}=\frac{1}{25},\frac{1}{5},5,25 (we've already tried 1 1 ). And, we can see that both 5 5 and 1 5 \frac{1}{5} are roots. Factorising them out gives P ( t ) = ( t 5 ) ( t 1 5 ) ( 25 t 2 + 25 30 t ) = 0 P(t)=(t-5)\left(t-\frac{1}{5}\right)(25t^2+25-30t)=0 and we can find out that 25 t 2 + 25 30 t = 0 25t^2+25-30t=0 has no real roots (its determinant is negative), so t t must be either 5 5 or 1 5 \frac{1}{5} .

The rest is trivial: plug both values of t = x 2 + y 2 t=x^2+y^2 into both initial equations and find the values of x , y x,y .

Lu Chee Ket
Oct 28, 2015

1) 1 + 1/ (x^2 + y^2) = 12/ (5 x)

2) 1 - 1/ (x^2 + y^2) = 4/ (5 y)

2 = 4/ 5 (3/ x + 1/ y)

y = 2 x/ (5 x - 6)

Since x <>0,

125 x^4 - 600 x^3 + 1045 x^2 - 780 x + 180 = 0

Divides with G.C.D. of 5 to polynomial equation obtained:

25 x^4 - 120 x^3 + 209 x^2 - 156 x + 36 = 0 {Ignore "How I am suppose to do that?"}

x1 = 1.2 - j 0.6

x2 = 0.4

x3 = 2

x4 = 1.2 + j 0.6

Substitute real x to check with y for original equations:

x = 0.4; 2 sum = 3.2

y = -0.2; 1

Eq1 = 12; 12

Eq2 = 4; 4

Answer: 3.2

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