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Algebra Level 4

( x 2 + 4 x + 5 ) ( x 2 + 4 x + 5 ) ( x 2 + 4 x + 5 ) = 2016 \LARGE( { x }^{ 2 }+4x+5 ) ^{ ( x^{ 2 }+4x+5 ) ^{( x^{ 2 }+4x+5 )} }=2016

Find the sum of all real x x that satisfy the equation above.


The answer is -4.

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4 solutions

Joshua Chin
Jun 12, 2016

Relevant wiki: Exponential Functions - Problem Solving

Let y = x 2 + 4 x + 5 y=x^2+4x+5 .

x 2 + 4 x + ( 5 y ) = 0 x^2+4x+(5-y)=0

This has real solution(s) when 16 4 ( 1 ) ( 5 y ) 0 16-4(1)(5-y)\ge 0\\

y 1 \Longrightarrow y\ge 1

y y y = 2016 { y }^{ { y }^{ y } }=2016

2 < y < 3 \Longrightarrow 2<y<3 .

This implies that y y y = 2016 { y }^{ { y }^{ y } }=2016 only has one solution 2 < y < 3 2<y<3 and it gives two real solutions of x x .

By Vieta's formula, the sum of the real solutions is 4 1 = 4 -\frac{4}{1}=-4 .

(Note: In this case, we don't need to find the exact value of y y as long as y 1 y\ge 1 , because we can ​use Vieta's formula.)

Moderator note:

You're missing a step in " y y y { y }^{ { y }^{ y } } only has one solution". At the very least, you need to explain why this function is strictly increasing in the domain.

Nice one bro.......see also my solution....

VIneEt PaHurKar - 5 years ago

Relevant wiki: Exponential Functions - Problem Solving

Suppose x 2 + 4 x + 5 = k x^2+4x+5=k satisfies the above equation. Then, we shall solve for x x . x 2 + 4 x + 5 = k x 2 + 4 x + ( 5 k ) = 0 x^2+4x+5=k\Rightarrow x^2+4x+(5-k)=0 By Viete's theorem, the sum of roots is 4 / 1 = 4 -4/1=-4 , regardless of the constant term. Note that there will be a real solution only when k 1 k\geq 1 , so we only need to observe the graph of k k k k^{k^k} when it is above 1. Noting that this graph is monotonic increasing, we conclude that there will be only one such value of k k that satisfies it, so the answer is 4 × 1 = 4 -4\times 1=-4 .

y y y y^{y^y} is bijective from ( 0 , + ) (0,+\infty) to ( 0 , + ) (0,+\infty) so it exists one and only one positive solution for y y y = 2016 y^{y^y}=2016 . x 2 + 4 x + 5 x^2+4x+5 is a quadratic polynomial which assumes only positive values and is symmetric respect to the line x = 2 x=-2 where the vertex of its graph lies. So if x 0 x_0 satisfies the proposed equation, also ( 4 x 0 ) (-4-x_0) does, these are the unique two solutions and their sum is 4 -4 .

Vineet PaHurKar
Jun 13, 2016

Let x2+4x+5=y so y^y^y=2016. And y^y^y^y^y^y^........infinite =ywhich is written as y^y^(y^y^y^y^y^y.......)=y And also. y=2016 And solve the equation and u got sum of real solutions is -4... Thankuu...for watching my solution....!!!

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