How Do You Relate These Points Now?

Geometry Level 5

Let O O and H H denote the circumcenter and the orthocenter of A B C ABC respectively with midpoint of B C BC at M M .

The tangents at B , C B,C to A B C \odot ABC meet at D D . Construct A H B C , A B C = E , F AH\cap BC,\odot ABC=E,F respectively. F M A B C FM\cap \odot ABC again at G G ; N N is the midpoint of A G AG .

Suppose A = 5 0 , B = 7 5 \angle A=50^{\circ}, \angle B=75^{\circ} . Find E D N + H M B \angle EDN+\angle HMB in degrees.


The answer is 70.

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1 solution

Xuming Liang
Sep 5, 2015

We claim that E D N = M D G \angle EDN=\angle MDG .

Connect G D GD which interesects A B C \odot ABC at L , G L,G . Since G M , G D GM,GD are isogonals wrt B G C \angle BGC because G D GD is a symmedian of G B C GBC , therefore A L , A F AL,AF are isogonals wrt B A C \angle BAC , which means L A O L\in AO and D G A G DG\perp AG . Moreover lines D F , D G DF,DG are symmetric about D M DM .

We now show D G N O D M E F DGNO\sim DMEF by individually proving G O N M F E , D G O D M F GON\sim MFE, DGO\sim DMF .

The first is trivial by property of circumcenter. For the second, we have O D G = F D M \angle ODG=\angle FDM by symmetry mentioned above. Since O G = O L OG=OL , thus O G D = O L G = A F D = D M F \angle OGD=\angle OLG=\angle AFD=\angle DMF and the similarity is established.

From the similarity we have E D M = N D G E D N = O D G \angle EDM=\angle NDG\implies \angle EDN=\angle ODG , which is what we desired to show. By some angle chasing or the fact that O L 2 = O C 2 = O M O D OL^2=OC^2=OM\cdot OD , we can obtain O D G = O L M \angle ODG=\angle OLM . Hence:

E D N + H M B = O L M + 90 M H E = 90 ( L H E A L H ) = 90 H A O = 90 . B C = 70 \angle EDN+\angle HMB=\angle OLM+90-\angle MHE =90-(\angle LHE-\angle ALH)=90-\angle HAO=90-|\angle.B-\angle C|=\boxed {70}

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