Given that:
E 2 = ⎝ ⎛ 1 − c 2 v 2 m 0 c 2 ⎠ ⎞ 2 + ⎝ ⎛ 1 − c 2 v 2 m 0 v c ⎠ ⎞ 2
How fast would an object with a rest mass of 1 Pg need to be going to have the same 'mass' as an object with a rest mass of 5 . 5 Pg ?
Give your answer as a fraction of c to 6 .d.p . For example, if you got 3 7 , 0 1 1 , 1 7 8 ms − 1 then you would answer with 0 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 as 3 7 , 0 1 1 , 1 7 8 ms − 1 = 0 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 c to 6 .d.p .
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First we need to re-arrange the equation to make v the subject since that is what we're calculating. It's a bit long winded so you can skip ahead if you want.
E 2 = ⎝ ⎛ 1 − c 2 v 2 m 0 c 2 ⎠ ⎞ 2 + ⎝ ⎛ 1 − c 2 v 2 m 0 v c ⎠ ⎞ 2
E 2 = 1 − c 2 v 2 m 0 2 c 4 + 1 − c 2 v 2 m 0 2 v 2 c 2
E 2 = 1 − c 2 v 2 m 0 2 c 4 + m 0 2 v 2 c 2
E 2 ( 1 − c 2 v 2 ) = m 0 2 c 4 + m 0 2 v 2 c 2
E 2 − c 2 E 2 v 2 = m 0 2 c 4 + m 0 2 v 2 c 2
E 2 = m 0 2 c 4 + m 0 2 v 2 c 2 + c 2 E 2 v 2
E 2 − m 0 2 c 4 = v 2 ( m 0 2 c 2 + c 2 E 2 )
v 2 = m 0 2 c 2 + c 2 E 2 E 2 − m 0 2 c 4
v = m 0 2 c 2 + c 2 E 2 E 2 − m 0 2 c 4
This is much easier to work with now, however we only know m 0 so we can't work out v just yet. We're missing a value for E , luckily we've been given a second mass to work with. Why does this help? Because we now have the required components to substitute in E = m c 2 .
v = m 0 2 c 2 + c 2 ( m c 2 ) 2 ( m c 2 ) 2 − m 0 2 c 4
Simplifying this down gives us:
v = m 0 2 c 2 + c 2 m 2 c 4 m 2 c 4 − m 0 2 c 4
v = m 0 2 c 2 + m 2 c 2 c 4 ( m 2 − m 0 2 )
v = c 2 ( m 2 + m 0 2 ) c 4 ( m 2 − m 0 2 )
v = m 2 + m 0 2 c 2 ( m 2 − m 0 2 )
v = c m 2 + m 0 2 m 2 − m 0 2
Now all we have to do is substitute in values for m 0 and m , 1 0 1 2 and 5 . 5 ⋅ 1 0 1 2 respectively.
v = c ( 5 . 5 ⋅ 1 0 1 2 ) 2 + ( 1 0 1 2 ) 2 ( 5 . 5 ⋅ 1 0 1 2 ) 2 − ( 1 0 1 2 ) 2
v = c 3 0 . 2 5 ⋅ 1 0 2 4 + 1 0 2 4 3 0 . 2 5 ⋅ 1 0 2 4 − 1 0 2 4
v = c 3 1 . 2 5 ⋅ 1 0 2 4 2 9 . 2 5 ⋅ 1 0 2 4
v = c 3 1 . 2 5 2 9 . 2 5
v = c 0 . 9 3 6
v = 0 . 9 6 7 4 7 0 9 2 . . . c
Now that we have a value we just need to round it to 6 .d.p .
v = 0 . 9 6 7 4 7 1 c
The question requires that we give just the numerical part of the answer so the answer is 0 . 9 6 7 4 7 1