, , , and . If is the minimal monic polynomial with integer coefficients which has as one of its roots, find .
In the figure,
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Let A D = a , B C = b , D F = x − c and F C = c . Triangles △ D F E and △ D C B are similar, hence 2 x − c = b x . And triangles △ C F E and △ C D A are also similar, hence 2 c = a x .
Adding those two equations we get:
2 x = a x + b x ⟹ 2 1 = a 1 + b 1
Now apply Pythagorean Theorem on triangles △ C D A and △ D C B :
a 2 + x 2 = 4 9 ⟹ a = 4 9 − x 2
b 2 + x 2 = 9 ⟹ b = 9 − x 2
Susbtitute a and b on the first equation:
2 1 = 4 9 − x 2 1 + 9 − x 2 1
Multiply both sides by 2 4 9 − x 2 9 − x 2 :
x 4 − 5 8 x 2 + 4 4 1 = 2 ( 4 9 − x 2 + 9 − x 2 )
Square both sides:
x 4 − 5 8 x 2 + 4 4 1 = 4 ( 5 8 − 2 x 2 + 2 x 4 − 5 8 x 2 + 4 4 1 )
x 4 − 5 0 x 2 + 2 0 9 = 8 x 4 − 5 8 x 2 + 4 4 1
Square both sides again, simplify, equate to 0 and find the polynomial:
x 8 + 2 5 0 0 x 4 + 4 3 6 8 1 − 1 0 0 x 6 + 4 1 8 x 4 − 2 0 9 0 0 x 2 = 6 4 x 4 − 3 7 1 2 x 2 + 2 8 2 2 4
x 8 − 1 0 0 x 6 + 2 8 5 4 x 4 − 1 7 1 8 8 x 2 + 1 5 4 5 7 = 0
P ( x ) = x 8 − 1 0 0 x 6 + 2 8 5 4 x 4 − 1 7 1 8 8 x 2 + 1 5 4 5 7
This polynomial is irreducible, hence P ( 1 ) = 1 0 2 4 .