Let be the smallest divisor of which is greater than or equal to .
If the value of the limit above is equal to for integers and , find .
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Let g ( n ) be the largest factor of n less than or equal to n . f ( n ) = n / g ( n ) .
n = 1 ∑ m 2 f ( n ) = n = 1 ∑ m 2 n / g ( n ) = k = 1 ∑ m k 1 n : k 2 ≤ n ≤ m 2 AND g ( n ) = k ∑ n = k = 1 ∑ m p : p prime AND k < p ≤ m 2 / k ∑ p + k = 1 ∑ m k 1 n : k 2 ≤ n ≤ m 2 AND g ( n ) = k AND n = k p for any prime p > k ∑ n .
It is easy to prove that if g ( n ) = k and k 2 ≤ n ≤ m 2 and n = k p for any prime p > k , then n is a product of primes each less than or equal to k . You can use this to show that
k = 1 ∑ m k 1 n : k 2 ≤ n ≤ m 2 AND g ( n ) = k AND n = k p for any prime p > k ∑ n = o ( lo g m 2 m 4 ) .
Using that ∑ p ≤ x p ∼ 2 lo g x x 2 ,
k = 1 ∑ m p : p prime AND k < p ≤ m 2 / k ∑ p ∼ 2 lo g ( m 2 ) ( m 2 ) 2 + k = 2 ∑ m ⎝ ⎜ ⎛ 2 lo g ( k m 2 ) ( k m 2 ) 2 − 2 lo g ( k ) k 2 ⎠ ⎟ ⎞ .
So
m 4 lo g m 2 n = 1 ∑ m 2 f ( n ) = m 4 lo g m 2 k = 1 ∑ m p : p prime AND k < p ≤ m 2 / k ∑ p + o ( 1 ) = 2 1 ⎝ ⎜ ⎛ k = 2 ∑ m ⎝ ⎜ ⎛ m 4 lo g ( k m 2 ) ( k m 2 ) 2 lo g ( m 2 ) − m 4 lo g ( k ) k 2 lo g ( m 2 ) ⎠ ⎟ ⎞ + 1 ⎠ ⎟ ⎞ + o ( 1 ) = 2 1 ( k = 2 ∑ m ( ( 2 k 2 ) lo g ( m ) lo g ( k ) + k 2 1 + o ( lo g ( m ) 1 ) ) + 1 ) + o ( 1 ) = 2 1 ( k = 2 ∑ m k 2 1 + 1 ) = 1 2 π 2 + o ( 1 )
The penultimate equality requires rigorous justification which I omit.
So the answer is 2 + 1 2 = 1 4 .
This method is cumbersome. Does anybody have a better answer? It feels like something simpler is hiding under all this ...