For some integer , if the sum of the last digits of all of the numbers given above equals to 2010, find the sum of all the possible values of .
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Since we need to sum the last digits, we should check what they are. For this, we can use modulo arithmetic; specifically, we'll take everything to mod 10.
(I would write 4 × 5 ≡ 1 0 0 , but I'll drop all the subscripts). 1 × 2 ≡ 2 , 2 × 3 ≡ 6 , 3 × 4 ≡ 2 , 4 × 5 ≡ 0 , 5 × 6 ≡ 0 , 6 × 7 ≡ 2 , 7 × 8 ≡ 6 , 8 × 9 ≡ 2 , 9 × 1 0 ≡ 0 , 1 0 × 1 1 ≡ 0 ⋯ Now, it looks like this pattern repeats with a period of 5 and an easy check yields this: ( n + 5 ) ( n + 6 ) = n 2 + 1 1 n + 3 0 = n 2 + n + 1 0 ( n + 3 ) ≡ n 2 + n = n ( n + 1 ) We, next, consider the sum of the last digits for each period of 5 : 2 + 6 + 2 + 0 + 0 = 1 0 Dividing 2 0 1 0 by 1 0 gives the number of complete periods it would take to sum to 2 0 1 0 . 1 0 2 0 1 0 = 2 0 1 And each period is of length 5 , so a valid value of n is: 2 0 1 × 5 = 1 0 0 5 But... The last two values of n per period contributes nothing to the sum, so we could have stopped at n = 1 0 0 3 or n = 1 0 0 4 and the sum would have remained unchanged. Clearly, n = 1 0 0 6 takes our sum to 2 0 1 2 and stopping at n = 1 0 0 2 would only give us a sum of 2 0 0 8 , so the possible values for n are { 1 0 0 3 , 1 0 0 4 , 1 0 0 5 } , the sum of which is 3 0 1 2 .