How many terms of the sequence defined as and for are non-integers?
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Consider the sequence defined by the recurrence relation \ b n + 2 = 4 b n + 1 − b n b 0 = b 1 = 1 It is clear that b n is an integer for all n ≥ 0 . It is easy to solve this recurrence relation to see that b n = 2 3 1 [ ( 3 − 1 ) ( 2 + 3 ) n + ( 3 + 1 ) ( 2 − 3 ) n ] n ≥ 0 From this we note that 3 b n 2 − 2 = 4 1 [ ( 3 − 1 ) ( 2 + 3 ) n − ( 3 + 1 ) ( 2 − 3 ) n ] 2 n ≥ 0 Now ( 3 + 1 ) ( 2 − 3 ) n ( 3 − 1 ) ( 2 + 3 ) n = ( 3 + 1 ) 2 2 ( 2 + 3 ) 2 n ≥ 2 ( 1 + 3 ) 2 n − 2 > 1 n ≥ 1 and hence 3 b n 2 − 2 = 2 1 [ ( 3 − 1 ) ( 2 + 3 ) n − ( 3 + 1 ) ( 2 − 3 ) n ] n ≥ 1 and hence 2 b n + 3 b n 2 − 2 = 2 3 1 [ ( 3 − 1 ) ( 2 + 3 ) n + 1 − ( 3 + 1 ) ( 2 − 3 ) n + 1 ] = b n + 1 n ≥ 1 Thus we can show by induction that a n = b n for all n ≥ 1 , and hence all the terms a n are integers. Thus the answer is 0 .