How many volts?

Chemistry Level 2

A Proton accelerated from rest through potential difference of 'V' volt has a wavelength 'Lambda' associated with it. An Alpha particle in order to have the same wavelength must be accelerated from rest through a potential difference of

V volts 2V volts 4V volts V/8 volts

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1 solution

Poca Poca
Jul 4, 2018

Note that an alpha particle has a charge of + 2 +2 and consists of two protons and two neutrons which have approximately the same mass. To solve this problem, we use the De Broglie equation, which states: λ = h p = h m v \lambda = \frac{h}{p}=\frac{h}{mv} . First, we well derive an equation for the velocity that a particle will have after passing through an electric current:

E e l = E k i n U q = 1 2 m v 2 v = 2 U q m \begin{aligned} E_{el}&=E_{kin} \\ Uq &= \frac{1}{2}mv^2 \\ v &= \sqrt{\frac{2Uq}{m}} \end{aligned}

So, for the proton we have:

λ p + = h m e v = h m e 2 U p + e m e = h m e 2 U p + e m e \begin{aligned} \lambda_{p^+} = \frac{h}{m_ev} = \frac{h}{m_e\sqrt{\frac{2U_{p^+}e}{m_e}}}=\frac{h}{m_e\sqrt{2U_{p^+}em_e}} \end{aligned}

And for the alpha particle:

λ α = h 4 m e v = h 4 m e 2 U α ( 2 e ) 4 m e = h 4 m e U α e m e \begin{aligned} \lambda_{\alpha} = \frac{h}{4m_ev} = \frac{h}{4m_e\sqrt{\frac{2U_\alpha(2e)}{4m_e}}}= \frac{h}{4m_e\sqrt{U_\alpha e m_e}} \end{aligned}

We need to set λ p + = λ α \lambda_{p^+}=\lambda_{\alpha} . From this, we can derive the following:

m e 2 U p + e m e = 4 m e U α e m e 2 U p + e m e = 16 U α e m e U p + = 8 U α \begin{aligned} m_e\sqrt{2U_{p^+}em_e}&=4m_e\sqrt{U_\alpha e m_e} \\ 2U_{p^+}em_e&=16U_\alpha e m_e \\ U_{p^+} &= 8 U_\alpha \end{aligned}

Thus, answer we are looking for is 1 8 U p + \boxed{\frac{1}{8}U_{p^+}}

Clearly Chemistry Level 1 ;)

Benedikt Masberg - 2 years, 11 months ago

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