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Calculus Level pending

Given the parametric equation defined by x = sin t 1 + cos t , y = tan t 1 + sec t x = \dfrac{\sin t}{1+ \cos t}, y=\dfrac{\tan t}{1+ \sec t} , find d 2 y d x 2 t = π \left. \dfrac{d^{2} y}{dx^{2}} \large \right|_{t= \pi} .

1 π \pi The second derivative does not exist 0

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1 solution

Arjen Vreugdenhil
Feb 16, 2016

Note that tan t 1 + sec t cos t cos t = sin t cos t + 1 , \frac{\tan t}{1 + \sec t}\cdot \frac{\cos t}{\cos t} = \frac{\sin t}{\cos t + 1}, showing that x ( t ) = y ( t ) x(t) = y(t) . Therefore, d y / d x = 1 dy/dx = 1 wherever they exist, and d 2 y / d x 2 = 0 d^2y/dx^2 = 0 .

However, when t = π t = \pi the function is not defined because both x ( π ) x(\pi) and y ( π ) y(\pi) become 0 / 0 0/0 . Can this discontinuity can be resolved? Consider the limit lim t π x ( t ) = lim t π sin t 1 + cos t = lim t π cos t sin t = . \lim_{t\to\pi} x(t) = \lim_{t\to\pi} \frac{\sin t}{1 + \cos t} = \lim_{t\to\pi} \frac{\cos t}{-\sin t} = -\infty. (Here I used L'Hopital)

Thus when t π t\to\pi , the point ( x , y ) (x,y) runs away to infinity, and d 2 y / d x 2 d^2y/dx^2 is not defined.

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