Find the largest non-negative integer n such that 2 n is a factor ⌊ 2 ⌋ × ⌊ 3 ⌋ × ⌊ 4 ⌋ × ⋯ × ⌊ 9 9 ⌋
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The multiplication simplifies to: 1 2 ⋅ 2 5 ⋅ 3 7 ⋅ 4 9 ⋅ 5 1 1 ⋅ 6 1 3 ⋅ 7 1 5 ⋅ 8 1 7 ⋅ 9 1 9 Or: 2 5 ⋅ 2 1 8 ⋅ 2 1 3 ⋅ 2 5 1 ⋅ k where k is odd. So, n = 5 + 1 8 + 1 3 + 5 1 = 8 7 .
Where the simplifying comes from?
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Ghany M ,
The simplification comes from the observation that the differences between perfect squares is simply the increasing sequence of odd numbers. More specifically, n 2 − ( n − 1 ) 2 = 2 n − 1 , and so there are exactly 2 n − 1 positive integers k satisfying ⌊ k ⌋ = n − 1 , namely ( n − 1 ) 2 , ( n − 1 ) 2 + 1 , … , n 2 − 1 . Therefore, when we multiply the floors of the square roots of these values all together, we're really just calculating ( n − 1 ) 2 n − 1 .
The second step of the simplification merely comes from breaking down the powers into their prime factors and rearranging the terms. Hope this helped!
n=1:- 4~~to~~8. .......1 * 5 ...............= 5
n=2:-16~~to~~24......2 * 9 ...............=18
n=1:-36~~t0~~48......1 * 13 ..............=13
n=3:-64~~to~~80......3 * 17 ..............=51
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Let the product be P , then we have:
P = ⌊ 2 ⌋ × ⌊ 3 ⌋ × ⌊ 4 ⌋ × ⌊ 5 ⌋ × ⌊ 6 ⌋ × ⌊ 7 ⌋ × ⌊ 8 ⌋ × ⌊ 9 ⌋ × . . . × ⌊ 9 9 ⌋ = 1 × 1 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × . . . × 9 Note that ⌊ m ⌋ increases by 1 when m is a perfect square. = 1 4 − 2 2 9 − 4 3 1 6 − 9 . . . k ( k + 1 ) 2 − k 2 . . . 9 1 0 0 − 8 1 = k = 2 ∏ 9 k 2 k + 1 = 2 5 3 7 4 9 5 1 1 6 1 3 7 1 5 8 1 7 9 1 9 = 2 5 ( 2 2 ) 9 ( 2 1 3 3 1 3 ) ( 2 3 ) 1 7 3 7 5 1 1 7 1 5 9 1 9 = 2 5 + 1 8 + 1 3 + 5 1 3 2 0 5 1 1 7 1 5 9 1 9 = 2 8 7 3 2 0 5 1 1 7 1 5 9 1 9
⇒ n = 8 7 .