In The Avengers movie, the Hulk jumps about 120 meters high. Approximately how much force is needed to achieve this feat?
Assumptions and Details
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The data given in the question is approximate, so we can only find an approximate value for the force. Also, looking at the options, we see that they differ by a factor of 100. We only require an estimate of the final answer and we have a wide window for our final answer. We can afford to make some approximations along the way to make our calculations simpler.
The Hulk jumps up to a height of h = 1 2 0 meters. Using conservation of energy for the Hulk just after he loses contact with the ground and at the highest point of the jump, we get 2 1 m v 2 = m g h . This gives us the expression for Hulk's initial velocity: v = 2 g h = 2 4 0 0 m/s. We see that 2 4 0 0 is close to 2 5 0 0 , which is approximately 5 0 m/s.
The Hulk's momentum was initially zero, since he was at rest. The Hulk's mass is about m = 5 0 0 k g , so the Hulk's momentum just after he lost contact from ground was about m v = 2 . 5 × 1 0 4 kg m/s. This change in momentum took place in about 0 . 3 s , so the average force exerted by the Hulk on the ground was
Average Force = time taken change in momentum = Δ t Δ p = 0 . 3 2 . 5 × 1 0 4 Newtons = 3 2 . 5 × 1 0 5 Newtons
We see that 2 . 5 is approximately 3 , therefore 3 2 . 5 ≈ 1 . The average force exerted on ground by the Hulk is approximately 1 × 1 0 5 Newtons.
Note: The approximations that we have made are valid since they are small compared to the freedom we have (a factor of 100). If we had taken the Hulk's mass as 100 kg, or 10000 kg, we would still have gotten the correct answer.