Hy-Spherical

Geometry Level 3

Two identical spheres of radius R R intersect each other such that their center-to-center distance is R . R. If the volume enclosed by these two spheres can be expressed as π λ R 3 \pi \lambda R^3 for some rational λ \lambda , what is λ ? \lambda?


The answer is 2.25.

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1 solution

Pi Han Goh
Jan 26, 2018

We can plot out these 2 spheres on the Cartesian plane with equations x 2 + y 2 = R 2 x^2 + y^2 = R^2 and ( x R ) 2 + y 2 = R 2 (x-R)^2 + y^2 = R^2 .

It's obvious that the x x -coordinate of the intersecting points of these 2 spheres is R 2 \tfrac R2 .

Let V V denote the volume in question, then by volume of revolution, V 2 = ( volume of one sphere of radius R ) ( half the volume of the intersecting regions ) = 4 3 π R 3 π R / 2 R y 2 d x = 4 3 π R 3 π R / 2 R ( R 2 x 2 ) d x = 4 3 π R 3 5 24 π R 3 = 9 8 π R 3 V = 9 4 π R 3 . \begin{aligned} \dfrac V2 &=& (\text{volume of one sphere of radius } R) - (\text{half the volume of the intersecting regions}) \\ &=& \frac43 \pi R^3 - \pi \int_{R/2}^R y^2 \, dx \\ &=& \frac43 \pi R^3 - \pi \int_{R/2}^R (R^2 - x^2) \, dx \\ &=& \frac43 \pi R^3 - \frac5{24} \pi R^3 = \frac98 \pi R^3 \\ V &=& \frac94 \pi R^3. \end{aligned}

The answer is 9 4 = 2.25 \frac94 = \boxed{2.25} .

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