Consider a hyper-ball x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + w 2 ≤ 2 5 and a concentric hyper-cube [ − 3 , 3 ] 4 . What percentage of the (hyper) volume of the hyper-ball resides within the hyper-cube? Round your answer to the nearest integer.
Here is Hyper-intriguing Ornament I .
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I will post a solution based on Monte Carlo integration, because it is wonderfully simple conceptually, albeit computationally intensive. Here is the process:
1) Populate many points (like ten million) randomly and uniformly within the hyperball. I actually do this by populating them within a circumscribing hypercube of side length 10, and taking the subset which falls within the hyperball. Keep count of the number of points in the hyperball.
2) Keep another count of the points that are both within the hyperball AND within the hypercube.
3) Since the points are populated uniformly as a function of hypervolume, the ratio of the counts gives the ratio of the volumes. The beauty of this approach is that it transforms integration into a counting exercise. The percentage comes out to about 42.
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Thanks, Steven. This is also how I did it.
Since my time is very limited, I resorted to "brute force," the way a busy engineer might. The portion of the hypervolume in the first hexadecant (?) is V = ∫ 0 3 ∫ 0 3 ∫ 0 min ( 3 , 2 5 − x 2 − y 2 ) min ( 3 , 2 5 − x 2 − y 2 − z 2 ) d z d y d x ≈ 8 0 . 0 5 9 The proportion we seek is V t o t a l 1 6 V ≈ 0 . 4 1 5 3 ≈ 4 2 % where V t o t a l = 2 6 2 5 π 2 as we found in an earlier problem . I look forward to seeing more conceptual solutions, but the problem does appear to be a bit "messy."
Thanks, Otto, for yet another elegant solution!
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elegant?! yeah right, Comrade!
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Another brute force:
NIntegrate [ Boole [ w 2 + x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 2 5 ] , { x , − 3 , 3 } , { y , − 3 , 3 } , { z , − 3 , 3 } , { w , − 3 , 3 } ] is 1 2 8 0 . 9 4 5 3 8 8 4 9 .
Γ ( 2 d + 1 ) π d / 2 r d is 2 6 2 5 π 2 is 3 0 8 4 . 2 5 1 3 7 5 3 4 0 4 2 4 . The result of the division is 0 . 4 1 5 3 1 8 0 8 9 4 1 8 .