"I am Back" says Integration Part 9

Calculus Level 5

0 sin x x 2 ( 1 e x ) d x \large \int_0^\infty \dfrac{\sin x}{x^2} (1-e^{-x} ) \, dx

If the above integral above can be expressed as

π A + ln ( B ) , \dfrac \pi A + \ln (\sqrt B ),

where A A and B B are integers, find A + B A+B .


The answer is 6.

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1 solution

Mark Hennings
Feb 16, 2016

We have I = 0 sin x x 2 ( 1 e x ) d x = 0 sin x x 0 1 e x u d u d x = 0 1 0 sin x x e x u d x d u \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle I \; = \; \int_0^\infty \frac{\sin x}{x^2}(1 - e^{-x})\,dx & = & \displaystyle \int_0^\infty \frac{\sin x}{x} \int_0^1 e^{-xu}\,du\,dx \\ & = & \displaystyle \int_0^1 \int_0^\infty \frac{\sin x}{x} e^{-xu}\,dx\,du \end{array} If we define F ( u ) = 0 sin x x e x u d u , u > 0 , F(u) \; = \; \int_0^\infty \frac{\sin x}{x} e^{-xu}\,du \;, \qquad \qquad u >0 \;, then F ( u ) = 0 sin x e x u d x = 1 u 2 + 1 , u > 0 , F'(u) \; = \; -\int_0^\infty \sin x e^{-xu}\,dx \; = \; -\frac{1}{u^2+1} \;, \qquad u > 0 \;, and hence F ( u ) = 1 2 π tan 1 u , u > 0 , F(u) \; = \; \tfrac12\pi - \tan^{-1}u \;, \qquad u >0 \;, since F ( u ) F(u) converges to 0 0 as u u \to \infty . It is worth observing in passing that the fact that F ( u ) F(u) tends to 1 2 π \tfrac12\pi as u 0 u \to 0 evaluates the infinite integral 0 sin x x d x = 1 2 π . \int_0^\infty \frac{\sin x}{x}\,dx \; = \; \tfrac12\pi \;. Getting back on track, we see that I = 0 1 ( 1 2 π tan 1 u ) d u = 1 2 π [ u tan 1 u ] 0 1 + 0 1 u u 2 + 1 d u = 1 2 π 1 4 π + [ 1 2 ln ( u 2 + 1 ) ] 0 1 = 1 4 π + 1 2 ln 2 , \begin{array}{rcl} I & = & \displaystyle \int_0^1 \left(\tfrac12\pi - \tan^{-1}u\right)\,du \; = \; \tfrac12\pi - \Big[u \tan^{-1}u\Big]_0^1 + \int_0^1 \frac{u}{u^2+1}\,du \\ & = & \displaystyle \tfrac12\pi - \tfrac14\pi + \Big[\tfrac12\ln(u^2+1)\Big]_0^1 \; = \; \tfrac14\pi + \tfrac12\ln2 \;, \end{array} so that A = 4 A=4 and B = 2 B=2 , and the answer is 6 \boxed{6} .

Sir I did this by feynnman's method. Is there a way of approaching it using rmt?

Aditya Kumar - 5 years, 3 months ago

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