∫ 0 1 ∫ 0 1 1 − x y ln 2 ( x y ) d x d y
If the above integral can be expressed in the form c a π b , where a and c are positive coprime integers, find a + b + c .
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May I refer you to a delightful paper ? The relevant formulas are 30 and 31.
First Let us make the substitution x y = t
Then the integral becomes:-
∫ 0 1 ∫ 0 y y ( 1 − t ) ln 2 ( t ) d t d y
Now changing the order of integration we have:-
∫ 0 1 ∫ t 1 y ( 1 − t ) ln 2 ( t ) d y d t
We have :-
− ∫ 0 1 ( 1 − t ) ln 3 ( t ) d t
We would now use the infinite geometric sum formula
1 − x 1 = r = 0 ∑ ∞ x r
So we have our integral as :-
− r = 0 ∑ ∞ ∫ 0 1 ln 3 ( t ) t r d t
Now using the substitution t = e − z we have:-
r = 0 ∑ ∞ ∫ 0 ∞ z 3 e − ( r + 1 ) z d z
Now again substituting ( r + 1 ) z = x we have:-
r = 0 ∑ ∞ ∫ 0 ∞ ( r + 1 ) 4 x 3 e − x d x
= r = 0 ∑ ∞ ( r + 1 ) 4 Γ ( 4 ) = Γ ( 4 ) ζ ( 4 ) = 1 5 π 4
Here Γ ( . ) denotes the Gamma Function and ζ ( s ) denotes the Riemann Zeta Function
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This is a special case of formula 12 here ; the proof of a much more general result can be found here , formulas 30 and 31 . For s = 2 it's Γ ( 4 ) ζ ( 4 ) = 3 ! × 9 0 π 4 = 1 5 π 4 , so that the answer is 2 0