Let be the set of natural numbers from 21 to 30 inclusive. The probability that the sum of 4 randomly chosen integers from the set A is even is equal to where the a and b are co prime. Find Source: OSN 2009
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we're choosing 4 numbers out 10. So the sample space would be n C r ( 1 0 , 4 ) . There are 3 cases where the sum of 4 chosen numbers is even, all the chosen numbers are even, all are odd or 2 odds and 2 evens. For 2 odds and 2 evens, the amount of ways this could happen is n C r ( 5 , 2 ) 2 . This come from the fact that there are 5 odd numbers and 5 even numbers and we're choosing two of each. The second and third case is all the chosen numbers are even or odd. So this comes out to 2 n C r ( 5 , 4 ) . We can either choose 4 numbers from the 5 even numbers or 4 numbers from the 5 odd numbers. Or you could think of this as 2 ways to choose either odd or even * n C r ( 5 , 4 ) . Sum the cases up we will get n C r ( 1 0 , 4 ) n C r ( 5 , 2 ) 2 + 2 n C r ( 5 , 4 ) which equals 2 1 1 1 , 11 + 21 = 32