I only want 3.

Level 2

Let N N denote the number of positive integers from 1 1 to 1 0 2013 10^{2013} (inclusive) that have the sum of their digits equal to 3 3 . What are the last 3 digits of N N ?

Details and assumptions

This question was wrongly phrased. It has since been corrected.


The answer is 455.

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2 solutions

The number of such integers is the number of non-negative integer solutions of a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + . . . + a 2013 = 3 a_1 + a_2 + a_3 + ... + a_{2013} = 3 , which are ( 3 + 2013 1 3 ) = 1361529455 {{3+2013-1}\choose 3} = \boxed{1361529455} in number. The bijection is created from the idea that a general number of the form is a 1 a 2 a 3 . . . a 2013 [ a i 0 ] \overline{a_1a_2a_3...a_{2013}} [a_i \geq 0] , if any a i a_i at the left is zero, the number has less digits.

Shira Ben Dor
Dec 15, 2013

There are three possibilities- the number is made of 0's and one 3, the number is made of 0's and one 1 and one 2, or the number is made of three 1's and 0's. There are 2013 places to put a digit in.

  1. To define a number that is made out of 0's and one 3, we shall choose the decimal place (from 1 to 2013) in the number which contains the digit 3. There are "2013 choose 1"=2013 ways to do it.
  2. To define a number that is made out of 0's and one 1 and one 2, we shall first choose two decimal places (from 1 to 2013) in the number which contain the digits 1 and two. There are "2013 choose 2"= 2013 × 2012 2 \frac{2013 \times 2012}{2} ways to do it, now we need to choose the place, out of the two we chose, which contains the digit 1. There are "2 choose 1"=2 ways to do it. For summary, there are 2013 × 2012 2013 \times 2012 numbers that fill the conditions.
  3. To define a number that is made out of 0's and 3 1's, we shall choose 3 decimal places (from 1 to 2013) in the number which contain the digit 1. There are "2013 choose 3"= 2013 × 2012 × 2011 3 \frac{2013 \times 2012 \times 2011}{3} ways to do it.

The sum of those three possibilities, by the law of sum, is 1361529455. Thereforethe number's last three digits are 455.

Sorry, my English is poor.

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