I see no connection - 2

Algebra Level 4

Let a , b , c a,b,c be distinct positive integers such that

a b + b c + c a 299 ab+bc+ca\geq 299

Determine the minimum value of

a 3 + b 3 + c 3 3 a b c \frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{3} - abc


The answer is 30.

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5 solutions

Christopher Boo
Mar 16, 2015

a 3 + b 3 + c 3 3 a b c = 1 3 ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 a b b c c a ) \begin{aligned} \displaystyle \frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{3}-abc &= \frac{1}{3}(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca)\end{aligned}

Without loss of generality, let a > b > c a>b>c . Then a b 1 a-b\geq 1 , b c 1 b-c\geq 1 , a c 2 a-c\geq 2 . It follows that

a 2 + b 2 + c 2 a b b c c a = 1 2 [ ( a b ) 2 + ( b c ) 2 + ( c a ) 2 ] 3 a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=\frac{1}{2}[(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2] \geq 3

Now, the equation becomes

a 3 + b 3 + c 3 3 a b c = 1 3 ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 a b b c c a ) a + b + c \begin{aligned} \displaystyle \frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{3}-abc &= \frac{1}{3}(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca) \\ & \geq a+b+c \end{aligned}

( a + b + c ) 2 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2 a b + 2 b c + 3 c a = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 a b b c c a + 3 ( a b + b c + c a ) 3 + 3 ( 299 ) 900 a + b + c 30 \begin{aligned} (a+b+c)^2 &= a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+3ca \\ &= a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca+3(ab+bc+ca) \\ & \geq 3 + 3(299) \\ &\geq 900 \\ a+b+c &\geq 30\end{aligned}

Here, we used the assumption that the minimum value of a b + b c + c a = 299 ab+bc+ca=299 can be achieved. To show that, we must have

a b + b c + c a = 3 b 2 1 = 299 \begin{aligned} ab+bc+ca = 3b^2-1 = 299 \end{aligned}

which can be reached when b = 10 b = 10 .

Substitute into the previous equation we get

a 3 + b 3 + c 3 3 a b c = 1 3 ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 a b b c c a ) a + b + c 30 \begin{aligned} \displaystyle \frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{3}-abc &= \frac{1}{3}(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca) \\ & \geq a+b+c \\ &\geq 30\end{aligned}

Daniel Liu
Feb 11, 2015

Copy-pasted and edited from the solution for "I see no connection":

First, we notice that a 3 + b 3 + c 3 3 a b c = ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 a b b c c a ) 3 \dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{3}-abc=\dfrac{(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca)}{3}

In order to minimize this expression, let's first see what we must do to minimize a 2 + b 2 + c 2 a b b c c a a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca (it's clear that to minimize a + b + c a+b+c we want a , b , c a,b,c as small as possible).

Now, WLOG let a < b < c a < b < c . This means a = b m a=b-m and c = b + n c=b+n .

Plugging these substitutions in the second part that we wanted to minimize, we see that a 2 + b 2 + c 2 a b b c c a = m 2 + m n + n 2 a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=m^2+mn+n^2 which is minimized when m , n m,n are minimized. Thus, m = n = 1 m=n=1 .

Now we know that the three variables are in fact b 1 , b , b + 1 b-1,b,b+1 , so it remains to minimize b 1 + b + b + 1 = 3 b b-1+b+b+1=3b . But this is done by minimizing b b .

Subbing our values of a , b , c a,b,c in the condition gives b ( b 1 ) + b ( b + 1 ) + ( b 1 ) ( b + 1 ) = 3 b 2 1 299 b 10 b(b-1)+b(b+1)+(b-1)(b+1)=3b^2-1\ge 299\implies b\ge 10

Thus, our expression attains minimum at ( a , b , c ) = ( 9 , 10 , 11 ) (a,b,c)=(9,10,11) which gives a minimum of 9 3 + 1 0 3 + 1 1 3 3 ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 ) = 30 \dfrac{9^3+10^3+11^3}{3}-(9)(10)(11)=\boxed{30}

A quicker way (according to me) is noticing that a 2 + b 2 + c 2 a b b c c a = 1 2 [ ( a b ) 2 + ( b c ) 2 + ( c a ) 2 ] a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=\frac{1}{2}[(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2] and the minimum value of this is 3 3 if a a , b b and c c are distinct integers.

Mursalin Habib - 6 years, 4 months ago

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Well, the minimum value is 3 not 6. Also, to prove that the minimum value is 3, I would just do my above substitution.

Daniel Liu - 6 years, 4 months ago

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Oops. Forgot to multiply it by half. Editing now.

Mursalin Habib - 6 years, 4 months ago

I failed so hard. First time I didn't see distinct so I put 0. Then somehow I put 3060/3=1030 so I put my answer as 40. Finally got it right on my third try :3

Trevor Arashiro - 6 years, 3 months ago

I am getting a different answer after applying AM-GM inequality and titu's lemma. How this is possible? After applying Am GM we get main. value of a+b+c in terms of 299^(1/3) which is not an integer.

Sachin Arora - 6 years, 3 months ago

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  1. the numbers are distinct.

  • they are integers.

  • That is why inequalities do not work on this problem.

    Daniel Liu - 6 years, 3 months ago

    Very nice solution :)

    Curtis Clement - 6 years, 3 months ago

    I did it the same way! This problem has set my mind bugging on how different constraints on variables can lead to different approaches to similar problems!

    Dhruv Bhasin - 6 years, 3 months ago

    There is a loophole in your argument, basically when you say "to minimized f g fg we must minimize f f and g g ". It might be possible to increase g g slightly, which would allow us to achieve a far smaller f f .

    Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 3 months ago

    If were allowed a,b and c equal the minimum value trivially will be 0 and all of them equal to 10, since the maximum volume of a parallelepiped is a cube.

    So we should seek our solution with an unit difference between integers a,b ,c, .and closest to 10 Just at simple sight tell us the sum of product (10-1) 10 (10+1)=299

    I agree with you. It is just that we cannot be very certain.

    Lu Chee Ket - 6 years, 3 months ago

    a 3 + b 3 + c 3 3 a b c = ( a + b + c ) { ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ( a b + b c + c a ) } To minimize the second bracket on the right should be minimize. a 2 + b 2 + c 2 must be as near 299 as possible and greater than 299. 3 x 2 299. For x to be integer x=10. But a, b, c has to be distinct. So we can try a=9, b=10, c=11. Substituting we get needed answer as 30. It is not possible to get any where near 3 for the second bracket of the right. So 30 is the minimum. a^3+b^3+c^3 - 3abc=(a+b+c)\{(a^2+b^2+c^2 - (ab+bc+ca)\}\\\text{To minimize the second bracket on the right should be minimize. }\\ \implies~ a^2+b^2+c^2~\text{ must be as near 299 as possible and greater than 299.} \\ 3*x^2 \ge 299.\text{ For x to be integer x=10. But a, b, c has to be distinct.}\\ \text{ So we can try a=9, b=10, c=11. Substituting we get needed answer as 30.}\\ \text{ It is not possible to get any where} \text{ near 3 for the second bracket of the right. }\\ \text{So 30 is the minimum.}

    Lu Chee Ket
    Feb 15, 2015

    Not necessarily. How do you know that a smaller minimum cannot be achieved with a larger a b + b c + c a ab + bc + ca sum?

    Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 3 months ago

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