Let a , b , c be distinct positive integers such that
a b + b c + c a ≥ 2 9 9
Determine the minimum value of
3 a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − a b c
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Copy-pasted and edited from the solution for "I see no connection":
First, we notice that 3 a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − a b c = 3 ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − a b − b c − c a )
In order to minimize this expression, let's first see what we must do to minimize a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − a b − b c − c a (it's clear that to minimize a + b + c we want a , b , c as small as possible).
Now, WLOG let a < b < c . This means a = b − m and c = b + n .
Plugging these substitutions in the second part that we wanted to minimize, we see that a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − a b − b c − c a = m 2 + m n + n 2 which is minimized when m , n are minimized. Thus, m = n = 1 .
Now we know that the three variables are in fact b − 1 , b , b + 1 , so it remains to minimize b − 1 + b + b + 1 = 3 b . But this is done by minimizing b .
Subbing our values of a , b , c in the condition gives b ( b − 1 ) + b ( b + 1 ) + ( b − 1 ) ( b + 1 ) = 3 b 2 − 1 ≥ 2 9 9 ⟹ b ≥ 1 0
Thus, our expression attains minimum at ( a , b , c ) = ( 9 , 1 0 , 1 1 ) which gives a minimum of 3 9 3 + 1 0 3 + 1 1 3 − ( 9 ) ( 1 0 ) ( 1 1 ) = 3 0
A quicker way (according to me) is noticing that a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − a b − b c − c a = 2 1 [ ( a − b ) 2 + ( b − c ) 2 + ( c − a ) 2 ] and the minimum value of this is 3 if a , b and c are distinct integers.
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Well, the minimum value is 3 not 6. Also, to prove that the minimum value is 3, I would just do my above substitution.
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Oops. Forgot to multiply it by half. Editing now.
I failed so hard. First time I didn't see distinct so I put 0. Then somehow I put 3060/3=1030 so I put my answer as 40. Finally got it right on my third try :3
I am getting a different answer after applying AM-GM inequality and titu's lemma. How this is possible? After applying Am GM we get main. value of a+b+c in terms of 299^(1/3) which is not an integer.
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they are integers.
That is why inequalities do not work on this problem.
Very nice solution :)
I did it the same way! This problem has set my mind bugging on how different constraints on variables can lead to different approaches to similar problems!
There is a loophole in your argument, basically when you say "to minimized f g we must minimize f and g ". It might be possible to increase g slightly, which would allow us to achieve a far smaller f .
If were allowed a,b and c equal the minimum value trivially will be 0 and all of them equal to 10, since the maximum volume of a parallelepiped is a cube.
So we should seek our solution with an unit difference between integers a,b ,c, .and closest to 10 Just at simple sight tell us the sum of product (10-1) 10 (10+1)=299
I agree with you. It is just that we cannot be very certain.
a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 3 a b c = ( a + b + c ) { ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − ( a b + b c + c a ) } To minimize the second bracket on the right should be minimize. ⟹ a 2 + b 2 + c 2 must be as near 299 as possible and greater than 299. 3 ∗ x 2 ≥ 2 9 9 . For x to be integer x=10. But a, b, c has to be distinct. So we can try a=9, b=10, c=11. Substituting we get needed answer as 30. It is not possible to get any where near 3 for the second bracket of the right. So 30 is the minimum.
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3 a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − a b c = 3 1 ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − a b − b c − c a )
Without loss of generality, let a > b > c . Then a − b ≥ 1 , b − c ≥ 1 , a − c ≥ 2 . It follows that
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − a b − b c − c a = 2 1 [ ( a − b ) 2 + ( b − c ) 2 + ( c − a ) 2 ] ≥ 3
Now, the equation becomes
3 a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − a b c = 3 1 ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − a b − b c − c a ) ≥ a + b + c
( a + b + c ) 2 a + b + c = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2 a b + 2 b c + 3 c a = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − a b − b c − c a + 3 ( a b + b c + c a ) ≥ 3 + 3 ( 2 9 9 ) ≥ 9 0 0 ≥ 3 0
Here, we used the assumption that the minimum value of a b + b c + c a = 2 9 9 can be achieved. To show that, we must have
a b + b c + c a = 3 b 2 − 1 = 2 9 9
which can be reached when b = 1 0 .
Substitute into the previous equation we get
3 a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − a b c = 3 1 ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − a b − b c − c a ) ≥ a + b + c ≥ 3 0